Dietary Pattern And Nutrients Intake Of Rural Women During Pregnancy And Puerperium

[Objective] To understand the food pattern and nutritional status of pregnant and puerperal women in rural areas of Xuanwei, Yunnan, so as to provide a basis for developing the nutrition improvement strategy for rural pregnant and puerperal women.[Methods] Longitudinal study method was used in the study. Reshui township and Tangtang township in Xuanwei, Yunnan were chosed as study site by stratified cluster random sampling method. In each township,10 villages were recruited. All the first trimester pregnant women in the 20 sampled villages from July 2014 to June 2015 were engaged in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and 3 days 24h retrospective dietary survey, methods for food intake freqence were used to collecte food intake. Follow-up survey was undertaken from early pregnancy to 42 days after delivery of pregnant women and neonatal. Dietary intake was investigated using 24h retrospective dietary survey and food frequency survey. There were 218 valid questionnaire sample. Using EpiData3.1 to establish database,SPSS 17.0 for data analysis.[Result] The total sample was 218 cases. The age of women were 24.38±5.18. The height of pregnant woman was 155.83±5.22cm, Prepregnancy weightwas 52.19±7.63kg, Women with BMI below 18.5 were 32 persons(14.68%); Women with BMI was 24.0 and above were 39 人 (17.89%)1. pregnancy women and puerperium women dietary patterns:During pregnancy,There were many kinds of foods for women, gain was main food. Tubers、nuts、milk and milk products、animal viscera、aquatic product were weekly intake with low frequency. especially the 92.7% puerperal women had no intake of fruits, instead of high frequency of intaking eggs. During puerperal, women’s food were not variety with too much intake of animal foods, especially eggs, and few intake of vegetable and fruits.2. Women’s daily food intake during pregnancy and puerperium:For the second and third trimesters of pregnancy women, gain was the main food. Beans and nuts intake was close to the recommended amount; Intakes of vegetables, aquatic products, eggs, meat were lower. Women were lack of intake of milk and dairy products seriously. For puerperal women, gain was not the main food, vegetable intake was less than 1/2 of the recommended amount, the amounts of aquatic products, eggs and meat intake were significantly more than the recommended amount, especially eggs intake was much more than the recommended amount; Women were almost no intake of fruits.3. Nutrient intake of pregnancy women and puerperium women:Comparison of dietary recommendations by the Chinese Nutrition Society, for the second trimester of pregnancy women, energy, protein, niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, zinc were adequate intake, but vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2, calcium, selenium were deficiency. For Second trimester of pregnancy women, the intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2, calcium, iron, selenium deficiency, only niacin, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc were adequate. For puerperal women, energy, protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium intake were inadequate.During pregnancy and the puerperium, engery from carbohydrate ratio was far below the recommended ratio. Energy supplied from puerperal dietary fat was slightly less than those of pregnancy peroid, However, during pregnancy and the puerperium, energy from fat was much higher than the recommended ratio. Protein energy ratio of Mid-pregnancy and puerperium reached the recommended ratio, but the late pregnancy is low.During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and puerperal, more than one third of protein intake were high quality protein, especially in the puerperium, protein from animal accounted for 78.09% of the total protein; During pregnancy, proportion of iron from animal food was low, but improved in the puerperium. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the second and third trimesters of was low, but better in the puerperium.4. Diet custom in the puerperium:the second and third trimesters and puerperal women ate most of brown sugar, egg, taboo spicy, raw and cold food. ate lighter foods; Some pregnant women thought they should be forbidden fruit, hard food, vegetables and sour food, etc.[Conclusion] There are many kinds of food in the the second and third trimesters but a few kinds in puerperal women. During pregnancy and the puerperium period, The intake of milk、dairy products and fruit is obviously too little, during puerperium, puerperium women do not eat vegetables and fruits, however, they intake too much eggs.The intake of energy and most nutrients is inadequate, imbalanced. The three major nutrients、Heat production and the proportion of calcium phosphate are not reasonable The intake of high quality protein and iron of animal is much less, the local maternal still keep some bad diet custom in puerperium.