Anti-aging Study Of Red Ginseng Components

Chinese red ginseng is an active ginseng, is made of fresh ginseng after cleaning, sorting, sun-curing, steaming and drying, has lots of important medicinal values. After long process of steaming and drying, it caused a degradation of some ginseng ingredient(like ginsenosides), but at the same time, it synthesized some new physiological and active constituents. It is reported that this ingredient changes in red ginseng significantly enhance its roles and effectiveness in anti-tumorous and anti-aging. Previous studies of red ginseng on anti-aging were limited to phenomena studies, like life span screening and anti-oxidation experiment, and do less research in mechanism of anti-aging. So we took the red ginseng components as experimental materials, and to comprehensively evaluate the effect of anti-aging by Drosophila melanogaster life span screening experiment and antioxidant determination in vivo. And to reveal the mechanisms of anti-aging, we used the different treatment Drosophila melanogaster as experimental materials, and performed the proteomics technologies, like two-dimensional electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and bioinformatics, to detect differential proteins. It will lay a theoretical foundation for further study of anti-aging caused by red ginseng, and provide a reference for further usage of red ginseng.1. In this study, a red ginseng component, which has the significantly effect on oxidation resistance and postpone senility, was selected and confirmed by Drosophila life span screening and determination of SOD and MDA content.1) Red ginseng components have significant prolonged effects on the average life time of flies, and it reaches the rate of 9.63% at the highest compared to the control.2) In highest group, the SOD activity increased at the rate of 55.70% and MDA content decreased at the rate of 28.90 compared to the control.2. In this study, conditions of two-dimensional electrophoresis for drosophila melanogaster were optimized in the flowing three aspects including sample processing, protein purification and isoelectric focusing condition. And we established a novel model which was suitable for analyzing the anti-aging proteins of flies.1) Comparing with ultrasonic and liquid nitrogen grounding method, Bullet Blender had a better effect on sample breaking;2) By comparing two of protein purification methods, the 2D-Cleanup kit would had a better performance;3) When the total volt-hours of isoelectric focusing was at 15000 volt-hours, the vertical stripes were relatively lighter.3. Mass spectrometry and analysis by bioinformatics technology1) Mass spectrometry results show that 52 proteins were identified. And the identified rate is 89.70%; And the identified proteins are mainly classified into three categories by cell biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components.2) Analysis of identification proteins by bioinformatics technology, we found eight proteins: 14-3-3, calcium-binding protein, DNA large subunit, 2 diphosphate aldolase, ATPase, HSP70 and HIP1 are closely related with flies aging, and it might be participated in signal transduction and molecular regulation of anti-aging by energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, protein metabolism and ROS channels. It is known that BIP proteins involves in the Ras pathway and cause a series of aging process, and the 14-3-3 protein has the ability to activate TOR and PKA pathway through caloric restriction and energy conservation, which can increase the capabilities of stress sensing to improve the life span of the flies. Therefore, red ginseng component is important and participate in series of pathways to extend the life span of Drosophila.