A Study Of Saving The Rong-guan Expenses In The Northern Song Dynasty

The rong-guan(冗官) is a hot issue in Song Research, related on a very rich. Butthe focus of academic research focused on its performance, causes and effects of thesethree aspects, to reduce the problem of rong-guan expenses costs slightly lessattention. Visit the Northern Song Dynasty previous attempts for reduce rong-guanexpenses, although their backgrounds, motivations vary, the effect is not satisfactory,but it will help further understanding of ancient China,"the official more provincesand more redundant, more sections and more abuse charges" the underlying causes,and has a certain significance for resisting luxury and wasteful bureaucratic habits andsocial atmosphere in the modern. This study in chronological order, emphasis in theNorthern Song dynasty policies and measures related to savings rong-guan expensescosts, and to explore its background, origin, summarized its effectiveness, impact,intent to explore institutional rooted factors constrain savings rong-guan expenses.In addition to the introduction, the paper is divided into three parts.The first part discusses the evolution of the general expenses for officials and therong-guan expenses in the Northern Song dynasty. General expenses includes officialsalary, reward, public money, clerks and those who expenses service fee, this articleprovides a brief induction for its basic conditions, analysis of the impact of the salarylevels of officials in charge of rong-guan expenses, outlines the overall developmentcontext of the rong-guan expenses in the Northern Song dynasty.The second part discusses attempts for saving rong-guan expenses in theNorthern Song dynasty, which is the focus of this article, so it is described into twochapters that inspect measures for saving rong-guan expenses. This paper discussessaving rong-guan expenses in the background, summed up its effect, impact, pointedout the saving measures aspect a positive role in saving money, alleviating thefinancial burden, purifying officialdom luxury atmosphere, improving administrativeefficiency and ensure the quality of officials’. Reveals the strength of resistance tochange, the determination and the focus of the policy in the ruling class, theperformers’ status and capabilities, these are the environmental factors constraintsaving rong-guan expenses. Increase in affairs of public administration and Bureaucratic political development also contributed to a large number of officials inthe root of expansion.The third part is the conclusion of this article, summarizes previous measures ofsaving rong-guan(冗官) expenses, describes the relevant experience and lessons.