Study On The Multi-scale Spatial Patterns And Spatial Differentiation Mechanism Of Poverty In Longdong Area

Scale, pattern and process is the fundamental problems of geography. To understand and reveal the relationship between the patterns and processes of geographic phenomena, we should correctly find the characteristic scale of geographic phenomena. As a geographical phenomenon, the spatial pattern and process of poverty also exist the scale effect. By finding the characteristic scale of poverty and on this basis to reveal its spatial pattern and its causes, we can provide the fundamental basis for making poverty reduction policies.In this paper, the research area is Longdong region, one of the poorest areas of China. Firstly, this paper made a multisacle analysis about the spatial pattern of poverty in Longdong region, by poverty maps and spatial statistical analysis method. By this way, this paper revealed the scale effect and characteristic scale of the poverty spatial distribution in Longdong. Then this paper established the theoretical framework for explaining poverty. On this basis, this paper revealed the factors that caused or reduced poverty in Longdong area by using the spatial regression and GWR method, discovered the scale effect of these factors as well. Thus this paper concluded the mechanism of poverty spatial differentiation in Longdong area. Finally this paper discussed the spatial approaches and strategies for reducing poverty in Longdong area.The study found that at the county level (size), the poverty was circle distribution, with two low centers that were Chongxin and Xifeng. The poorer counties distributed surround Chongxin and the poorest counties distributed surround Xifeng. At the township level, the poverty degree was positive spatial autocorrelation, with an aggregated distribution. And the scale effect was very significant, the agglomeration degree of poverty distribution was different on different scale. The study found that at township level, the agglomeration degree of poverty distribution was maximum on the scale of 32km which was the characteristic scale. But 26km was the characteristic scale at the village level. This paper presented that the problem of poverty was the problem of famer’s development essentially, and the development condition, the development opportunity, the development ability were the basic elements for famer’s development. Poverty causes of Longdong area were various, but the primary factors were the natural conditions and locational conditions. We can consider that there was an obvious "Space Poverty Trap" in Longdong area. The function of different factors existed scale effect. The same factor had different functions to different regions. To reduce poverty, the local government should make pointed strategies for different regions. The strategies should refer to improve the development condition and the development opportunity and the development ability of local farmers.