The Studies Of Prehistoric Culture In Longdong Area

The richer Neolithic cultural relics distributed in Longdong area provide us materials to discuss the condition of the prehistoric culture in this region. Laoguantai culture which was transmitted from Guanzhong area and injected the local factors is the earliest Neolithic culture discovered in this area. Yangshao culture developed on the base of the Laoguantai culture and it was strongly influenced by the contemporary Yangshao culture from Guanzhong area at the early and middle period. However, at the late period it was little influenced by the culture in Guanzhong area and gradually embarked on an independent development way. Majiayao culture derived from the late Yangshao culture of this area and expanded to the west gradually. Finally it developed to the Siba culture. Lower Changshan culture which was newly discovered in Longdong area possessed strong local feature. It possibly derived from Majiayao culture and then exchanged with the third phase of Anban culture located in Guanzhong area in a certain degree. At the last, it evolved into Qijia culture in the course of development to the west and contributed certain effects to the formation of the second phase of Keshengzhuang culture. But Qijia culture seldom distributed in this area. Through the observation and analysis of settlement pattern in each period of prehistoric culture in Longdong area, we can find that the settlement pattern in Laoguantai culture was relatively primitive and the scale of it was very small. The great development occurred in the period of Yangshao culture with the expansion of the population size and the scale of residences. And then in Majiayao and Lower Changshan culture, settlement pattern became diverse and was suitable with the local natural environment. In short, the development sequence of prehistoric culture in Longdong area is clear and it possessed an important position in the prehistoric archaeological research of the northwest district and even the whole China. And therefore, Longdong area is most likely a key connecting the Central Plain culture area and Ganqing culture area.