Stuty On Artistic Form Of In The Lower Depths

In the Lower Depths is Gorky’s second play, completed in 1902. It depicted Russia’s real life at that time, such as suffered the terrible famine in 1891,1892,1901 and the industrial crisis happened from 1901 to 1903. These terrible things led millions of laboring people to poverty and homeless, "life at the bottom"(the original title of the play was At the Bottom of Life) problems in those days had especially urgent significance. The art power of In the Lower Depths is not only the summary of the creations which reflected tramps’life, but most of all is that Gorky had shaped a significant model which was distinctive and general, and its significances far beyond the range of "life at the bottom". In this play, Gorky had put forward many problems about philosophy, politics, and morality. And the same time, his play is not out of the specific social conditions, and have not made the leading character to be an abstract image and a general mouthpiece of the thought. His play has answered the question "why" and explored "how to do" through the discussion of these questions. The art structure of In the Lower Depths is unique, so is the character image and the artistic technique. This has made a highly unity in thinking and art of In the Lower Depths and achieved a very high value in thinking and art. This thesis tries to illuminate the ideological content, the artistic quality, the value of times, and the significance of In the Lower Depths by the analysis of its art form and discussing the cause of the art form to present, so that we can understand the literary status, the modern significance and the great influence of the Gorky drama better.This thesis consists of introduction, text and epilogue. The text is divided into five chapters.The introduction part is mainly reviewing and summarizing the research status of In the Lower Depths at home and abroad, pointing out the problems in the research and the prospects for development, establishing the research significance, illustrating the research method and the innovation of this thesis.Chapter One mainly analyzes the character’s exhibition structure of In the Lower Depths. Character’s exhibition structure is mainly manifested as consisting of multiple separate plots and down play the plots, paying attention to the philosophical conflict. The plots are mainly composed of four groups of independent character relationship and six bachelors. Some of these characters have separate plot, some do not enter any plot. There are no unified external plot lines to connect them, but all these characters form a system by a series of complicated and fully philosophical social conflicts and presents a character’s exhibition structure.Chapter Two has analyzed the typical character of In the Lower Depths. Gorky has shaped the people at the bottom and the ordinary citizens in the play, and dug up their distinct personality characteristics from the same typed characters, made atypical case of individuation.Chapter Three has analyzed the new realism skills of In the Lower Depths. Gorky has used the realism approach which shapes typical character in typical environment in the play, and the same time, he has used many techniques, such as the romantic contrast, metaphor, lyrical methods, as well as the symbol of the modernist and stream of consciousness, which made his play present in new-realism artistic technique.Chapter Four has analyzed the change of the structure and the image of In the Lower Depths. Structurally, the main expression is that the play wins by philosophy, different from other scripts by plot, and represents a series of social conflicts, not a major conflicts, or primary and secondary, and finally integrates all the conflicts by philosophical themes. On the character image, Gorky’s creation objects shift from the ordinary citizens and tramp at the bottom to bourgeois intellectuals and democratic intellectuals, from democratic intellectuals to proletarian revolutionaries, from proletariat revolutionaries to bourgeois internal rulers.Chapter Five has analyzed the cause of Gorky art form’s presenting. In The Lower Depths, no matter the structure of the plot, the image-building of the character and the use of the art technique, are closely connected to Gorky’s cultural aims and art focus point. Gorky’s cultural aims is to improve people’s confidence and moral culture level, and to get rid of the burden of Russian national history and spirit, and to realize modernization. His art focus point is the movements of people’s minds.The conclusion of the value and significance of this point of view as well as summarize the work. a writer on the "ground floor" of theatrical forms, image building, artistic demonstrated unique artistic skills not only shows the great works of artistic achievement, but also reveals the great social significance of the work. In the Lower Depths in the writer’s own development plays an important role, he is a picaresque novel writer summed up period, as well as writers explore the truth. In the Lower Depths far-reaching implications not only in Russia, significance, but also for the development of dramatic literature and the proletarian revolutionary movement has also played an important role in guiding and promoting. And even today, we read Gorky this work, the mind can still be a strong shock.