The Study On Outer Mongolia Policy Of Chiang Kai-shek

Through the life of Chiang Kai–shek, Outer Mongolia Issues had beenlingering in his mind. When Chiang Kai–shek was young, he was extremelyconcerned about the ethnic issues. So, he wrote several articles, for example, theissues of conquering Mongolia, how to thoroughly resolve Mongolia issues, and hepublicly advocated to fight for the Mongolia. In1923, Chiang Kai–shek, as the headof delegation, paid his official visit to the Soviet Union. During the visit, the SovietUnion not only refused the “North—West Military Project”, but also thought theMongolia as their territory. When he returned home from the Soviet Union, ChiangKai–shek repeatedly and publicly expressed his dissatisfaction and hatred with theSoviet Union, thus the most important reason was Outer Mongolia Issues.In1927, Nanjing National Government was established. At the beginning,Chiang Kai–shek actively formulated policy to government Mongolia, and evenwanted to take tough measures to solve Outer Mongolia Issues between NanjingNational Government and Soviet Union. But, during the Anti–Japanese War,Sino–Soviet relations and the domestic struggle became an important factor forChiang Kai–shek dealing with and considering Outer Mongolia Issues. After theSeptember18thIncident, Chiang Kai–shek broke diplomatic relations with the SovietUnion. While the relationship between the Soviet Union and Outer Mongolia wasgradually strengthened. This meant that Chiang Kai–shek’s ways that tried to solveMongolia Issues would become more difficult. Nevertheless, Chiang Kai–shek stillpay attention on Mongolia Issues from the September18thIncident to the July7thIncident. However Soviet Union repeatedly interfered with Outer Mongolia, ChiangKai–shek firmly protested. After the Cairo Conference, Chiang Kai–shek once againgalvanized the idea that recaptured Outer Mongolia. When Chiang Kai–shek plannedto recover Outer Mongolia, Soviet Union, USA and the UK signed a secret Yaltatreaty, in this treaty, Soviet Union asserted “maintaining the current status in the OuterMongolia”. Chiang Kai–shek expressed his opposition when he heard this message.But at the end of anti–Japanese war, with the pressure from all sides and severalrounds of negotiations with the Soviet Union, finally, Chiang Kai–shek made adecision to hold a referendum on independence in the Outer Mongolia after the war,then Chiang Kai–shek would recognize the referendum results on the condition thatthe Soviet Union should respect the intact sovereign territory of northeast China and could not support the CPC. In short, from the establishment of Nanjing NationalGovernment to admitting the independence of Outer Mongolia, Chiang Kai–shek’sOuter Mongolia policy always changed with the international and domestic situation.We could not only say that Chiang Kai–shek abandoned Outer Mongolia for his ownself–interests, because he was influenced by international and domestic situation.After Chiang Kai–shek retreated to Taiwan, he repeatedly regretted to admit theindependence of Outer Mongolia and began to accuse the Soviet Union because it didnot obey The Sino–Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance. Moreover, OuterMongolia asked to join the United Nations in1961, which Chiang Kai–shekresolutely opposed. But when the situation was not conducive to the Taiwan and eventhreaten Taiwan’s seat on the UN, Chiang Kai–shek made a deal with the United Stateand once again chose the concession. Outer Mongolia officially became a member ofthe UN. It should be noted that Chiang Kai–shek’s Outer Mongolia policy consideredmore the interests of Chiang dynasty.