The United States And The “Democratic” Process Of Dominican Republic(1959-1963)

Latin America was always regarded as American backyard, it did not permit the external power to encroach. The rise of the socialist country after the second War broke the situation of unify the whole world of capitalism, as a result the world form the situation of the United States and Soviet Union, also Latin America became one of the focus of the US-Soviet rivalry. But in 1959, the victory of the Cuba revolution threatened the region of the hegemony of the United States.The Dominican Republic was still under a Trujillo dictatorship and showed a willingness to follow the United States after the second world war, but the Trujillo totalitarian politics had already unpopular in the Dominican republic. The internal condition for overthrowing totalitarian politics and estabishing democratic government was mature gradully in Dominican. At the same time, the victory of the Cuban revolution gave the Eisenhower Administration a warning bell, it realized that Latin America was likely to appear "second Cuban regime" if the United States continued to support totalitarian in Latin America. Then, it changed the policy towards the Dominican totalitarian Trujillo and tried to make the Dominican as a representative of the democratic camp in Latin America.After the Kennedy administration, it further strengthened the American policy in the Dominican republic through economic sanctions, and Kennedy Plan, and so on, to force a change in the Dominican republic political system and aimed to build a pro-America regime in Dominican. But, its starting point was not to make the Dominican Republic on a truly independent democratic development path in the Dominican policy and not truly carry out the corresponding policies according to the actual situation of the Dominican, Juan Bosh became the President of Dominican through freely election and made Dominican turn into a representative of the United States as a democratic camp in Latin America on December 20, 1962. But the Dominican democracy just existed for a brief moment, and military coup put Dominican back to the "triumvirate" era of chaos in September 1963. Finally, the democratic government of Dominican ended in failure which tried to be established by economic and political measures during Kennedy administration.Basing on combing archives and existing scholars study, this article will focus on the origin of the Eisenhower and Kennedy government policy in Dominican, the each policy of the both governments in Dominican and their variations. And trying to reveal the intervention of Dominican “democracy” process is the essence of American intending to strengthen the overall control in Latin America.