The United States And The Dominican Republic's Regime Changes In 1961-1963

In May 1960,with the support of the United States,the Trujillo dictatorship of the Dominican Republic for 30 years was overthrown,and different factions competed for central authority.The Kennedy administration began to intervene actively in Dominican politics in an unprecedented manner.With American intervention,the Dominican Republic experienced three regime changes in just three years from 1960 to 1963.Based on the original archival documents and the political evolution in the Dominican Republic,this paper will analyze the background of the three regime changes in the Dominican Republic between 1961 and 1963 under the intervention of the US and focus on the specific considerations and policies of the United States against different regimes in the Dominican Republic during this period,as well as the impact caused by the intervention.In addition to the introduction,this paper consists of four parts.The first part introduces the origin of the Kennedy Administration's interference in the Dominican Republic.The revolutionary demand for democracy and reform in Latin America in the 1950 s and the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959 led the Eisenhower administration to believe that dictatorship could not bring security and stability.The turbulent situation created conditions for communism to take power.Therefore,the United States decided to abandon its anti-communist allies and instead turned to the overthrow of Trujillo's dictatorship.The second part focuses on the Kennedy administration's efforts to establish a pro-American friendly successor regime in the Dominican Republic.After the assassination of Trujillo in May 1961,in order to maintain the stability of the Dominican Republic and prevent the opportunity of communism,the United States temporarily chose to support the friendly dictatorship of the Balaguer-Ramfis regime as an emergency measure to try to gradually eliminate the main forces of Trujillo and coordinate the democratic opposition to form a coalition government.In the end,the United States achieved a peaceful transition to a coalition government by lifting economic sanctions and resuming diplomatic relations and even military threats.In January 1962,the Council of State came to power as a transitional state to representative democracy.The third part mainly summarized the role and practice of the United States in the rise and fall of the first democratically elected government in the DominicanRepublic.With the establishment of a pro-American Council of State,the United States fully assumed its responsibility to ensure that the elections in the Dominican Republic were held on schedule and that a democratically elected government was established.The success of Bosh's elected government in February 1963 was the hallmark of the establishment of the Alliance for Progress showcase under the Kennedy administration.But Bosh's own inability to solve the problem of reform,and his unwillingness to accept American intervention,coupled with his ambiguous stance on communism,have added suspicion and hostility to the US.The Bosh regime,with Kennedy's tentative support,was increasingly isolated.On September 25,1963,the Bosh regime was overthrown by a military coup.The Dominican Republic again returned to the militar dictatorship.The fourth part is the conclusion.The author believed that the Kennedy administration largely determined the evolution of Dominican politics from 1961 to1963.It is also the result of the interaction between the Kennedy administration and the global cold war,the situation in Latin America and the domestic realities in the Dominican Republic.Among them,the ideological struggle against communism always occupied the core position of the foreign policy decision of the Kennedy administration to the Dominican Republic.The intervention of the Kennedy administration in the Dominican Republic had a impact on the Dominican Republic and the United States itself.