A Study On Benevolence Theory Of Hu’hong And Zhu’xi

This thesis focuses on studying the different benevolence between the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty in Neo-Confucianism and analyses the thought transformation process on Confucius benevolence form Huhong to Zhuxi. The exordium of this thesis firstly reviews Zhangzai, Chenghao’s thoughts on benevolence. They thought that benevolence is the "Unity of Man and Nature",and it stems from human’s moral mind.The body part of this thesis is divided into the following three chapters.Chapter Ⅰ points out Huhong maintained the source and sum of "Xing" is the Supreme Ultimate based on Chenghao’s moral Philosophy. In his magnum opus "Zhi’Yan",he thought "Xing" is universe’s mind,which presents in human being is man’s mind, a self-reflected mind accomplishes "Xing", strictly to say, "Xing" is reflected on human by Mind. So in Huhong’s Philosophy, benevolence is man’s conscience as well as universe’s mind.Huhong’s theory emphasized Benevolence is their mind.Chapter Ⅱ presents Zhuxi’s benevolence theory based on his "mind dominated character and sentimental" after "Zhong-he new theory". In his magnum opus "Ren’Shuo", he criticized former scholars on benevolence theory such as Huhong,Xie liangzuo, Yangshi. Zhuxi thought benevolence is not come from their own conscience, more precisely, it is not mind. In Zhuxi’s system,"Xing" is different from mind,it is inherent in mind as moral basis.Zhuxi believed benevolence is a kind of morality in human’s mind,and it is also the principle of moral feeling.Chapter Ⅲ generally analyses the reason for the two benevolence theory’s difference.Further, the core point is how they treat the relation of mind and benevolence,why they would have such problems.And it will have what kind of impact on the history of Confucianism.