The "30 September Affair" In Indonesia And The Sino-U.S. Fight 1958-1967

Since the People’s Republic of China established,especially the Korean War burst out,the U.S. was worried that Chinese influence would spread in Asia,so it decided to contain China in Asia.In order to protect the socialism regime and rally the emerging nationalism countries in Southeast Asia,China firmly stroke back the American Containment.However,after ten years’ fighting,the U.S. and China had not yet achieved their strategic objectives. In 1958,under the impact of the international situation,the U.S. and China decided to fight for the Indonesian friendship.Through this way,the two countries wanted to weakened the opposite side’s influence in Southeast Asia and eventually beat each other.Through the analysis about the historical materials of China,America and Indonesia,this paper treats the "30 September Affair" in Indonesia as a turning point,and discusses the Sino-U.S. fight in Indonesia during 1958-1967,including the background,course,result and influence.At the same time,this paper reveals the essence and the strategic thoughts of Sino-U.S fight during this stage.This paper is composed of three parts,which are the introduction,the main body and the conclusion.The main body is composed of four parts.The introduction narrates the topic’s purpose,the research status at home and abroad,the main historical materials,the research methods,innovation and deficiency.The first part of the main body reviews the Sino-U.S fight during 1949-1958.Through reviewing the Sino-U.S fight in the Korean War,the Indochina war and the Taiwan issue,this paper reveals the situation of the Sino-U.S fight in 1958.In 1958,the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relation,America’s deepened hostility against China,and the vigorous development of the third world close to China are the challenge and opportunity China confronts.On the other hand,after ten year fight with China,Anti-China defense chain of U.S. in Southeast Asia was still weak.In 1958,some neutralism countries were inclined to China,which made U.S. panic.In 1958,the international situation China and U.S. confronted transferred their attention to Indonesia.Through fighting for friendship from Indonesia,the two countries wanted to weaken the opposite side’s influence in Southeast Asia.The second part of the main body discusses the course of the Sino-U.S fight for Indonesia during 1958-1965.In 1959 Indonesian anti-Chinese incident,China followed the moderate,rational foreign policy,which broke American plot——fomenting Sino-Indonesia relation,and made a solid foundation for the development of Sino-Indonesia relation.Unlike U.S. that had a complex position,China government firmly supported and assisted Indonesian movement of regaining West Irian.In the Indonesian movement of opposing Malaysia,China government stood all the time at the position of the Indonesia government,and gave the Indonesia government the economic and moral support. At that time,Indonesia was very isolated in the world,but Chinese policy towards Indonesia hadn’t been influenced by the attitude of the international society towards Indonesia. Supporting Indonesia all the time let China gain the friendship from Indonesia government,which formed the so-called "Beijing-Jakarta axis".At the same time,in order to overthrow Sukarno and the Indonesian Communist Party,America government actively supported and helped Indonesian army.As a result,on the eve of "30 September Affair",the relation between U.S. and the Sukarno government deteriorated to the bone.The third part of the main body discusses the countermeasure and the result of China and U.S. after "30 September Affair".On the eve of "30 September Affair",the Indonesian situation was very tense.At that time,in order to deal with the development of future situation,all kinds of political powers such as the general group that opposed Sukarno,Sukarno and the Indonesian Communist Party took active action.When "30 September Movement" broke out,it was suppressed by the Suharto Group in one day and it came to an untimely end.Subsequently,the Indonesian army adopted a hostile attitude towards China,fabricated all kinds of Anti-China news and comments.However,in order to maintain friendly relations between China and Indonesia,faced with a series of anti-Chinese deeds from the Suharto government,China government showed great restraint and patience.Because of the anti-Chinese and anti-communism deeds,U.S. helped the Indonesian army persecute the Indonesian Communist Party and subvert Sukarno’s power,which made Indonesia came to the Suharto era.After Suharto came into power,in order to weaken further Chinese influence in Indonesia,U.S. adjusted its policy towards Indonesia,and made more efforts to aid Indonesia.In 1967,the foreign relation between China and Indonesia ended,which to China restricted the further development of anti-imperialism and anti-America movement in Southeast Asia.Subsequently,U.S. controlled Indonesia,which to a great extent made America eventually get rid of the dilemma in the Vietnam War,then changed the strategic pattern in Southeast Asia,and helped U.S. contain China in Southeast Asia over a long period of time.The fourth part of the main body analyses the reasons about the result of Sino-U.S. fight in 1958-1967.China is an important member of the socialism camp,and Indonesia is an emerging nationalism country.The differences of ideologies between China and Indonesia made the "Beijing-Jakarta axis" divided in spirit.After the "30 September Affair"in Indonesia,America deliberately bypassed the Sukarno Government,supported through secret channels the right-wing group in Indonesian army,which made America continued to permeate Indonesia,and eventually overthrow the Sukarno Government.In addition,since the "30 September Affair" broke out,the Indonesian army insanely repelled Chinese,which was a result of the Indonesian army’s long-term suspicion and hatred towards China.In a way,this was because Chinese policies towards Indonesia was too radical.Because of the factors above,in the fight for Indonesia during 1958-1967,U.S. beat China.The conclusion part hackles and summarizes the whole paper,and puts forward the viewpoints.