| Regulation for posthumous title as part of the Chinese ancient political culture, is an important tool of dynastic rule. Regulation for posthumous title originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty, which was purely for ancestor worship, deified ancestors in the beginning of the establishment. In the occasion of the spring and autumn, posthumous title was given the derogatory function. The pre-Qin Dynasty, the emperor’s posthumous name was given according to their behavior, but after the Han Dynasty the emperor’s posthumous names were beautified since the Confucian thought that people should speak highly of their ancestors. From Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, Emperor’s posthumous name were a few words, but in the late Tang Dynasty they gradually increased. Empress Yu Xianqin produced most of the posthumous title, crown in emperor shi. Before the Tang Dynasty, Empress posthumous title was one, two words. Emperor Xuan in Tang opened empress’ s four words posthumous period precedent, which were also beautified.The Song Dynasty emperor and empress to Shi has standardized procedures and certain etiquette. The posthumous title of program in four steps was substantially minister discussion, ordered officials to write posthumous book treasure, asked posthumous title, BaoLing seat. It is undeniable that the program in the Song Dynasty gradually matured. The emperor and empress to the posthumous title of etiquette were more normative, but also very tedious to maintain the royal dignity essential link. The Song Dynasty inherited the Tang Dynasty for the first emperor to increase the posthumous title of the wind. In addition to Song Qinzong, Song Emperor Duzong period’s posthumous title did not increase, other emperor’s posthumous name increased, but sometimes changed. Song Emperor Zhenzong kicked off the first emperor period for increasing the posthumous title of the Song Dynasty, used by Song Huizong for many times in the past dynasties, as the first emperor changed the posthumous title, reflecting the Song Zhenzong, Song Huizong pursuit of fame, but not practical style. Because Empresses did not interfere in politics, their posthumous titles, just change to be consistent with the emperor shi. The Song Dynasty strictly regulated materials,size and content of the emperor and empress’ s posthumous book treasure,but the posthumous title of the different objects, the content would be different.Song Dynasty emperors and empresses posthumous title characters had certain rules. The number of words of the emperor’s posthumous title of six words at the beginning, generally by the heir of emperor for the offering, the sacrifice, posthumous title for the increase, extended to sixteen words so far. But in Song Shenzong posthumous title could be twenty words,exception in Song Dynasty history of the posthumous title code. The posthumous words of empresses were two,but an empress dowager posthumous title was of four words. The words, the emperor posthumous generally contained Wen, Wu De, Gong, filial piety, five words reflecting the minister expectations to the emperor, and they also reflected the rulers advocating the value orientation and moral standard. Empress’ s the posthumous title, related to their own talent, character, hobbies, talents, reflecting on ancien Chinese’s highest moral requirements to women.Song Dynasty emperors and empresses posthumous title development and background of the times closely related.The emperors and empresses posthumous title system became the tool to rule different social levels,to punish evil and maintain ethic virtue,to respect and honor fathers,to deify emperors and maintain the imperial weapons,so the emperors and empress’ s posthumous name was needed by Song government,an inevitable product of the ruling class. the emperors and empress’ s posthumous title system of Song Dynasty had the development in succession on the basis of the previous dynasty,inherited by minority groups and offspring with age,thus played a connecting role in china ancient history. |
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