Research On Violations In The Sino Ryukyu Tributary Relationship

The Sino Ryukyu tributary relationship generally maintained friendly since it established in the early Ming Dynasty, however, friction and gap is inevitable in the long-term relationship. This paper will take the illegal behavior as the research object, study on the treatment of various kinds of negative events in the contacts between the two countries, reveal the loopholes and negligence in the management mechanism of foreign relations and self-perfection function and realize the existing problems and strain capacity in the operation of the tributary system. In addition, it will analyze similarities, differences and subtle changes among various irregularities punishment of the Ming Dynasty, understand the complex interaction between both sides in the system of vassal state, and recognize reality and practical demands in the exchanges.Firstly, based on the historical literature, from the two aspects respectively for Ryukyu and domestic, the article clears various rules in the Sino Ryukyu tributary relationship, analyzes the minor adjustments and changes, and prepares for the next research that focus on the irregularities. In the second chapter, from the two aspects of the mission and individuals, the article sorts the Ryukyu violations in China according to the time sequence, and finds that the reason why they broke the rules is for more profits or some tribute envoys became conceited relying on favor, which has no harm on the rank order that the Ming Dynasty has been maintained, so that on the whole, the Ming Dynasty did not jump over their throat but was magnanimous with them. The policy to Ryukyu had great tolerance components. However, through the analysis on the minor changes of Ming Dynasty to the Ryukyu violations punishment, we realize that from the middle of Ming Dynasty, the policy appeared gradually contraction trend, which was the reality consideration based on border security. In the third chapter, the article sorts Chinese violations and the Ming Dynasty’s treatment situation, and exposes problems like negative political danger, abuse of power, collusion, economic disputes in the tributary relationship. From the Ming Dynasty’s severe punishment to its own people, we can recognize the characteristics of strict self-discipline in the Sino Ryukyu relationship. In the fourth chapter, based on previous reorganization and elaboration, taking the Ming Dynasty’s disposal to violations as the breakthrough point, through the transverse comparison and longitudinal analysis, combined with the traditional Huayi concept, Sino Japanese Relations, maritime defense, the ban on maritime trade and other factors, the article sums up the characteristics and changes in the relations between China and Ryukyu. The conclusion part is the conclusion, and points out that the Ming Dynasty policy to Ryukyu focused on the overall situation of national security with traditional Huairou color, and considered not only the up and down order maintenance, but also with distinct features of the times.What the research hopes is that through the study of irregularities in the contacts with Ryukyu, systematically and completely grasps the real state of Sino Ryukyu relationship. The study on the gain and loss of the Ming Dynasty’s policy to Ryukyu can provide a reference for handling disputes and friction between countries today, and promote the healthy development of the friendly relationship between China and foreign countries.