A Study On The Buddhist Nuns Of The Northern Wei Dynasty

After the northern wei dynasty in the central plains established rule really contact with Buddhism, the ruler of monks worship, set up and apply to guide the folk custom policy, while in the process of the development of the northern wei dynasty Buddhism has experienced the twists and turns of too by carrying out the Buddha, on the whole still showed a trend of vigorous development, and became the common belief of all social strata.Northern wei period bhikshunis bhiksuni produced in northern China in the early stages of bhiksuni first professional buddhists, and then are women. On the study of northern wei dynasty bhiksuni we have to notice the influence of social environment for them at that time, Buddhism thought and Chinese native culture collision bhiksuni(make this period had a unique style. This article is divided into seven parts of the Northern Wei Dynasty period bhiksuni were discussed.First chapter is introduction part, the review summarizes the research achievements of predecessors, the selected topic significance and research value, review of the northern wei period bhiksuni research results, based on the thinking of writing.The second chapter expounds the composition of Northern Wei Dynasty bhiksuni, this chapter has two main parts: first, discusses the status of women before becoming a monk, involves: the harem woman, lady, civilians, male concubine, the source of the northern wei dynasty bhiksuni almost throughout the various social strata. Second, analyze the cause of women becoming a monk. Have for to serve the Buddha in buddhist belief in the body is becoming a monk, there are many women for real reasons for becoming a monk, such as:family tragedies, widowhood husband passed away, the war displaced, elude reasons tune battle, failed, and so the court fight.The fourth chapter illustrates the state of monastic northern wei period, and in the late northern wei dynasty unified bhikshunis position are discussed. This chapter has three main parts, the first, the state and become the number of specific criteria and limit. Second, the Northern Wei Dynasty bhiksuni series, monk Sengzhi and CiQing, for example for analysis. Third, a brief introduction of the northern wei dynasty SengGuan system and the management of monastic basis.The fifth chapter discusses the nuns participate in social activities and buddhist association. This chapter has four main aspects: first, the nuns prophecy, combined with the reality of popular Buddhist prophecy and miraculous alchemy of monks and nuns.Secondly, nuns and wandering apply guide folklore, folk monks and nuns deposited guide policy by the Northern Wei Dynasty rulers established, wandering monks and nuns to be implemented when patrolling enlightenment. Third, social relief and nuns, monks Gion millet is established for the relief of poverty people suffer disasters and forest monks and nuns, nuns and monasteries are often also involved in social assistance. Fourth, Buddhist nuns and civil association, respectively, discussed the role of Buddhist nuns in the town justice and the importance of Buddhist nuns in Yi Yi women.The sixth chapter describes several nuns in Buddhist activities, divided into four areas: first, fasting will, Buddhist Lent festival will be organized, nunneries crowded. Second, preaching, preaching good Northern nuns are numerous. Third, by writing, chanting, scripture reading and copying are based merit behavior Inscriptions of Transcribing help us understand this period nuns thought. Fourth, statues, a large number of statues unearthed in mind the material to make up for the lack of historical records literature on the lower nuns described were the reasons for the formation of atmosphere statues, statues theme and nuns vow objects studied.Finally for the epilogue part. Expounds the significance of becoming a monk to northern wei dynasty women, that they get rid of the society and to a certain extent of the shackles in women, for they provide shelter, and get a chance to live by Buddhism culture is respected by all.