The Study Of Difference Between Students To Europe And America In The Novels In Late Qing Dynasty

The wave of studying abroad in China’s late Qing Dynasty appeared during the process of capitalist expansion of the world. After the shock by the attacking of the western countries, people with breadth of vision of the Qing Dynasty went abroad wearing their own ambition, the Ministers of the Dynasty petitioned to be sent for studying abroad. The returned students became into the main force of social, political and cultural. Literary creation was conducted in a dual role of the individual and the external environment, social environment was essential influence for the formation of the ideology of literature. Changes of the social environment naturally reflected in the literature of writers. The wave of studying abroad made a large number of students to participate in the development of the social productive force, overseas students became to the new figures of the writers. This article gives a classified comparison from those overseas students returned from Japan and those from Europe or America based on the characters of overseas students which appeared in the novels of late Qing Dynasty.The introduction mainly introduces the historical background of the appearance of overseas students in the late Qing Dynasty, the study on overseas students in late Qing Dynasty of current historian circle, as well as the literary circle’s study on overseas characters that appeared in the novels of the late Qing Dynasty.Chapter I mainly introduces the novels that reflected overseas students from Japan in the late Qing Dynasty. This chapter categorizes and introduces the novels that reflected overseas students from Japan in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of the author’s identity so that readers could overall understand the basic information about above novels.Chapter II mainly introduces the novels that reflected overseas students from Europe and America in the late Qing Dynasty on the basis of the author’s identity as well, so that readers could overall understand the basic information about above novels.Chapter III is the study on motivation and objectives of the overseas students. Most of motivation of overseas students from Japan was to save the country and people from an impending danger, which had been much described by the writers. There were also overseas students from Japan who had complex motivation. However, the motivation of overseas students who study in Europe and America was single, most of which was to advance the knowledge.Chapter IV analyses the life situation of the overseas students. There were both similarities and differences between them. The first difference of overseas students was manners and customs, changes such as wearing clothes and the cut of braids had to be made firstly. Secondly, overseas students chose various ways of life according to their family’s economic situation. In these respects, all of their life situations are different for both overseas students in Japan or in Europe and America.Chapter V researches the time and selection of subject of overseas students. From the period of study, accelerated education was mainly for students to Japan and the period of schooling was short. Normative education was mainly for students to Europe and America, so that the period of schooling was longer. From the subjects, teacher-training, law and policies was mainly for the students who went to Japan, industrials was mainly for the students who went to Europe and America. From the study of military, ground force subject was mainly for the students who went to Japan and navy subject was mainly for the students who went to Europe and America.Chapter VI discusses overseas students ’ political participation in China. Overseas students returned from Japan were actively involved in both China’s reform, constitutional movement and the Xinhai revolution which was the violent overthrow of the Qing Dynasty. Not only did they participate in the reform campaign, even personally involved in revolutionary activities. Overseas students that returned from Europe and America showed differences in the participation in politics. Students returned from Europe took more political participation than students returned from America, students returned from Europe were also involved in advocacy of reform and revolution, and however, overseas students that returned from America were more absorbed in their studies and less in political participation.Chapter VII mainly analyses the effectiveness of the overseas students. According to author’s study of the novel involves overseas students, difference of deed of returned overseas students were vary widely. Differences between overseas students returned from Europe and America and overseas students that returned from Japan seems to confirm the class consciousness impression of studying abroad-- "the Western world first and Japan second." Not only the academic achievement of overseas from Europe and America was better, but also was the overall prestige and quality. As a whole, the overall prestige and quality of overseas students that returned from Europe and America was better than those returned from Japan."For the modernization of China, overseas students could be compared to the heralds and Prometheus, for their feat was immortal.", Said Mr. Ji Xianlin, Master of studies of Chinese ancient civilization. In the novels of late Qing Dynasty, overseas students returned from Japan who studied law, politics and teacher-training promoted the modernization of Chinese politics, in the other hand, overseas students returned from Europe and America who studied industrial subjects were contributed to the modernization of Chinese science and technology. Although the orientation of their effects was different, they have made efforts for the development of Chinese society and opened a new chapter for the modernization of China by incalculable contributions.