A Study On The Influence Of Islamism On Egyptian Political Modernization In The Context Of Domination Of Secular Politics

After the "Arab spring", Egypt turned into a state of turmoil. A fierce debate occurred between the authoritarian political transformation and the relation of Islam to politics. This debate came to be, after the step-down of Hosni Mubarak’s 30 year reign. The first elected President (Morsi) of Egypt took office for only a year, and ousted by his successor Sisi, who is a complete veteran. Is this the end of the authoritarian regime after 60 years of domination? Or, the sign of Islam coming into power complied with public opinion, after the combination of the modern democracy? Or is it the final overall victory of the secular liberalism that claimed the separation of the religion from politics? It is hard to say.The development of Middle East political modernization is in a decline and immense turbulence. Taking this aspect as a background, this article starts from Morsi’s election as the first president in the history of Egypt and his dismissal by the military. Then try to analyze how secular political forces have achieved dominance in Egypt.This includes also the analysis of how Islam grew as an important factor to the political modernization of the nation. The game between these forces of influence has driven the evolution of Egyptian political modernization to three possibilities:Secular Authoritarian, Islamism and Secular Liberalism. These will be concluded as the final choices of Egyptian political variance.In this paper, there are five parts. The first chapter is an introduction to the background of my topic, research status in quote, basic ideas, research methods and their significance. The second chapter elaborates the dominance and influence of the secular political power in Egypt. Commencing from the first day of anti-invasion and the prelude of independence for the whole nation. During which, the secular political forces became the mainstay of the Egyptian society. Even today, it is still difficult to relieve the influence of the secular authoritarian rule for the nation. The third chapter is very important. It expounds the influence of Islamism to Egypt from the perspective of the political authority rationalization, the political participation magnification and the Egypt society. Through the analysis of the characteristics and forms of political participation of Islam, we know that this religion is an integral part of the political life of Egypt. We cannot completely rule out the influence of Islam, even it is dominated by the secular politics. Chapter four discusses the political modernization in Egypt. This is the key issue in this article, thus supported by the analysis of the first two chapters. The three possibilities:Secular Authoritarianism, Islamism and Secular Liberalism, as mentioned before will provide some answers. By comparing these possibilities, I put my emphasis on the discussion of the political future of Islam. Hence, it is simple to draw conclusions that the final destination of Egyptian political modernization will be, in the foreseeable future; Egypt is likely to continue the rule of Secular Authoritarian, followed by the top-down reform. And after a long while of the reform, there will be a path leading to Secular Liberalism of the combination of democracy and the Islamic tradition. And the last part is the conclusion.