The Resumption Of Straits Sovereignty And Settlement Of Disputes On The Southern Border During Kemal’s Reign

The Black Sea Straits was occupied by troops of the Entente since the failure of the Ottoman Empire in First World War, and it was under the co-controlling of the great powers according to the provisions in Treaty of Sevres. It was leaders of the Turkish Republic who resumed of Straits Sovereignty after arduous military and diplomatic struggle. There were different between "Mosul problem" and Straits Sovereignty. Mosul region was dominated by Britain during war and became into one of the British Mandate areas. The government of Turkish Republic had claimed to return of Mosul but failed. At last Mosul region had been divided belong to Iraq by the Agreement between Britain and Turkey by long struggle, pause and negotiation about "Mosul problem". Before long the Southern boundary of Turkey with Iraq was Delimitated and Turkish government got economic compensation. The Dispute of Alexandretta was another question. Alexandretta was French mandate region after First World War as continuation of French occupation of Alexandretta. France had transferred Alexandretta to Syria based on the Treaty between France and Syria after sixteen years. Alexandretta had finally been become one part of the territories of Turkish Republic by a series of struggles with Syria and France.There are three parts in this thesis:first is the analysis about how to resume Straits Sovereignty by the Turkish people under of great leader Mustafa Kemal; second is on the ins and outs of "Mosul problem", in which to reveal the bouts of various powers and grounds of giving up Mosul; third is about comprehensive process of return of Alexandretta. The main conclusions in thesis are as follow:it was a great diplomatic success in reign of Mustafa Kemal, and also one of the most effective affairs for the early Republic to resume the Straits Sovereignty by sign of the Montreux Treaty with other powers; Settlement of disputes on Mosul and Alexandretta had facilitated the southern boundary delimitation, ensured the international security of Turkish Republic, and also benefited for its consolidation and development; in the end, All these achievements was due to Mustafa Kemal, because of his excellent leadership skills, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy of Turkish government which depended on Kemal’s talent. In a historical field of vision, the diplomatic success of Turkish government under leadership of Kemal was in sharp contrast to diplomatic failure of the weak Ottoman government Dominated by Sultan.