The Study On The Social Stratification Of Chinese Marine Fishermen (1988-2011)

Along with the reform and opening up and the continuous economic developmentin coastal areas, China’s marine fishermen group production and living conditions hasundergone tremendous changes, which is different from the general urban residentsand rural residents in the urbanization process of change. The characteristics ofmarine fishermen is unique. The change of marine fishermen’s social stratum divisionand the change of the characteristics of various sectors especially. From the change ofthe social stratification,it can be more comprehensive to see the marine fishermen inoccupational differentiation, economic resources, organizational resources, culturalresources of the changes of the situation. Based on national survey data (CHIP,CHNS), screening effective marine fishermen population sample, and choose morerepresentative of the four stages in the process of urbanization (1988,1995,2002,2011) to make a preliminary analysis of the data. First, understand the generalcharacteristics of the various stages of the marine fishermen groups. Secondly, thesamples were stratification in each period. Analysis each stage stratification mode, thecontact between features and classes. The main conclusions are: the degree ofoccupational differentiation of marine fishermen, experienced a process of"centralized-decentralized-centralized". The process of change, occupationaldifferentiation type experienced fishermen mainly, fishermen and fishery worker toco-exist, and then mainly to fishery worker, went to the fishermen and fishery workercoexistence. Possession of conditions of economic resources experienced "EveryoneProsperity" to "some poor and some rich" to "not rich" changes. They also experiencefrom high-income earners to low-income gap, and those in poverty fishermen suffereda gap between rich and poor within the group. Possession of small amounts of culturalresources, educational attainment has been low; organizational resources areextremely scarce. As the marine fishermen group characteristics changed, the seafishermen’s class differentiation also changes with the advancement of urbanization. The class differentiation model has experienced from simplification to diversification,from integration to fragmentation, from detached to the changes of the intersection.According to the changes of the marine fisherman group characteristics and thechange of social stratum division, it can be seen that the general trend of the change ofmarine fishermen in the future. Aspects of group characteristics, the aging degree willgradually deepened; Professional type will further differentiation and specialization;Economic income will rise more slowly and lags behind that of urban residentsgradually; Cultural resources and organizational resources will not have greatlyimproved. Aspects of stratification, stratification of marine fishermen community willbe more diversified, and moving away from the traditional fishermen off the class.The class of professional and technical fishery workers and the class of fisheryindustry practitioners will increase gradually. From the overall trend, the developmentof marine fishermen groups still follow the pace of urbanization, but the progress is akind of "inertia" of the time. There may be forced by the environment and thepressure to survive and move forward. So it is a proactive rather than reactive speciesforward. So, from the forward speed and quality, the marine fishermen population as awhole is likely to be discarded by the process of urbanization, far behind theurbanization team.