Preschool Children Competitive Questionnaire (PCQ) Revised And Domestic Application Research

Competition is a common phenomenon in nature and human society. In recent years, there are more and more domestic and foreign scholars starting to pay attention to the competition and competitive psychological, as well as making the corresponding research, but the research of competitive psychology of preschool children are truly rare. Overseas, Professor Daniel Paquette etc., whom comes from University of Montreal, making a questionnaire contains 17 projects aiming at the research of preschool children competition. As there is no measurement tool for children competitive research for Chinese preschool children before, revising a set of suitable measurement of Chinese preschool children competition at this stage of the questionnaire is very necessary.This study used Professor Daniel Paquette’s French version of Preschool children competitive questionnaire(PCQ) scale as model, after theoretical constructed and large samples tested, the amendatory questionnaire can be applied to the present stage of preschool children competitive. So we made the choice of Dalian children aged 3-6 years old as the object of study to investigate the competition of children of 3-6 years old, explore the competition of children 3-6 years old in age and gender differences, and put forward the corresponding suggestions according to the results of the study. The analysis of the test results as follows:1. The Revision of the “Preschool Children Competition Questionnaire" has good reliability and validity, which can be used to measure the 3-6 years old preschool children’s competitive.2. Overall, that preschool children of 4 years old is a period of rapidly development in competition.(1) Scores in different age showed significant differences in all dimensions in addition to the For-Win competition;(2) Different age of preschool children in six dimensions are significantly different in performance;(3) Preschool children in 3-4 years old, scores in the Task-Oriented competition, Other-Referenced competition, Maintenance of Dominance Hierarchy, Self-Protective competition, and the aggregate showed significant difference;(4) Preschool children in 4-5 years old, scores in Material-Comparison competition have significant differences, there were no significant differences in other dimensions, suggested that preschool children of 4-5 years old is a period of rapidly development in Material-Comparison competition;(5) Preschool children aged 5-6 have little differences in various dimensions.3. Girls have high scores in the Task-Oriented competition. There was also a remarkable performance in the For-Win competition.(1) Scores in the Task-Oriented competition of girls was significantly higher than that of boys, as well as most of the rest dimensions, but not significant;(2) Gender effect significantly on task-oriented competition and aggregate scores;(3) Scores in the Task-Oriented competition and the For-Win competition of children aged 3-5 years old have remarkable gender differences, but not significant at the age of 6.