Behavioral Research On The Leisure Sports Of Female In Shanghai In The Context Of Urbanization

In the context of dramatic economic development in Shanghai achieved by Urbanization, the improvement of women’s leisure notion and naturalization of sports in people’s life have become trends in recent years, which provides the background for this essay’s research. In 2014, the total GDP of Shanghai achieved 2356.1 billion RMB and the Annual Discretionary Income Per Capita(ADIPC) of Urban households achieved 47,710 RMB. Moreover, the Urbanization Rate of Shanghai achieved 90%, which shows that citizens has basically achieved well-off level. However, women are restricted by pressures from both their work and family, which causes them to bear immense pressure in both physical level and mental level. On the other hand, the self-awareness of women is increasing continuously in recent years. More and more women start to pay attention to their quality of life, physical and psychological health. And that sports not only can help women to enrich women’s lifestyle, but also helps them to improve their physical and psychological health.Women is a very important constituent part of human and female issue is always a focus of the society. Tackling the problem of women’s health in both levels is eventful to Shanghai’s development in society, economy and culture. Moreover, tackling this problem plays vital role in building harmonious family and society. Conducting research on the leisure sports activity of women in Shanghai would help us to have further understanding on the development of leisure sports for women. It would provide theoretical guidance and practical evidence for women to participate in leisure sports activities. In addition, this research will provide a reference for related Departments to develop and formulate related policies.This essay utilizes mainly four means for conducting the research, include utilizing relevant documents and information, questionnaire survey, field survey and quantitative analysis by using statistics. The field survey includes the range of 9 districts in Shanghai while the questionnaire survey includes 1,800 samples in total. Through analysis of the data by means of statistics analysis, we can obtain the following conclusions:1 The current situation of women’s leisure sports activity in Shanghai is that the Fit-Keeping effect of women in Shanghai is determined by their participation frequency, exercise intensity and the workout fields mainly due to objective and subjective factors. In this research, most of the research objects are retired women from age 56-65 and White-collar women workers in the age group of 36-45. The majority of research objects received high education. Moreover, majority of the research group are married women who usually have 3 family members. In addition, they mostly work on Business and service industry. In this research, the determinants of environment for women in Shanghai to conduct their leisure sports activity are the social economic environment of Shanghai, Political and Legal environment, site facilities and family environment. The result shows that leisure time of majority of women in Shanghai is less than 2 hours. Furthermore, the frequency of exercise is less than once a week; park and public plaza are the main places for women to exercise; majority of the research groups exercise with their family members. In addition, a small portion of the women adopt the guidance from professional trainers.On the other hand, the principal parts of consumptions is the material object expense. Also, the main purpose of leisure sports activity for Shanghai women is to remit their pressure from work and relax. After taking exercise, the feeling of fatigue and loneliness would dissipate.2 The special physiological period in which Shanghai women participate in recreational sports activity mainly refers to the menstrual period, gestation period, breast feeding period and menopause period. These period have significant effects on female’s physiological and psychological level. In terms of the subjective views, women during breast feeding period and menopause period are more likely to participate in sports activities than those during menstrual period and gestation period. The determinant of women’s participation during the menstrual period is physiological. During this period, women usually got unwellness and they are not active to participate in sports activities. During gestation period, women are not likely to participate in sports activities because of Doctors’ recommendation. During breast feeding period, women become more active in participating sports mainly due to the will to rebuild the body figure. Women also become active in participating in sports when they enter menopause period on the purpose of maintaining physical fitness. On the other hand, participating in sports enjoys more popularity in the group of women in their breast feeding and menopause period than in the group of those whom in menstrual and gestation period. Moreover, during breast feeding period and menopause period of women, participating in recreational sports helps to maintain and improve both physical and psychological level of women, which is supported by mainstream views of women groups.3 The main determinants of participating in sports for Shanghai women are their subjective view and external environment. Out of these two factors, the external environment contributes the most to participation in sports. For instance, urban women usually face the problem of lacking in time and money, lack of guidance and poor site facilities for exercising. On the other hand, subjective view, which measures the willingness to participate in sports, plays less powerful role in affecting women’s exercise. The subjective factor mainly includes personal views such as “ My health is perfect so I don’t need to do sports”, Lack of interests, willpower is too poor to continue, laziness and concerns about possible physical injuries in exercising. Among the objective factors, heavy workload and lack of time contribute the most in restricting women to participate in sports activities, which are the most important determinants of Shanghai women’s participation in leisure sports activity.