| Rural financial services have the following main characteristics. First, the number of independent farmers involved in the transaction, but every single business transaction amount is small and frequent. Secondly, since the cyclical agriculture, during the planting and harvesting, farmers for pesticides, fertilizer, farm machinery demand is concentrated, resulting the loan business is very concentrated in this period. While in other periods, farmers have very little demand of farming asset, agricultural loans are repayment period generally. Finally, rural finance has many types of lending operations. In the relatively developed rural areas, besides the traditional agricultural loans, there are loans to enterprises of agricultural industrialization and agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises, the size of loan is relatively large. But in the economically underdeveloped rural areas, the loan was only the traditional agriculture and farmers loans.At present, China’s! existing rural finance supply system,mainly the Agricultural Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, Rural Credit Cooperatives, etc.) can not fully meet the diversified financing needs, and the most important feature of the village bank, which is rooting in rural areas, locating the "agriculture, countryside and farmers", could fully meet the above requirements.First of all, the village bank roots in the countryside, credit officers can go to farmers easily, fully understand the agriculture, countryside and farmers information, minimize the asymmetric information, reduce the adverse selection and moral hazard in the process of loans, the safety profit space is large in the agriculture related credit. Secondly, village bank can increase the rural credit supply in a certain extent. Village banks with a branch in the countryside, through all kinds of liability business, absorbing all kinds of funds, including private capital, and even foreign capital. Then the bank by regulating the internal credit lines, can be targeted loans to rural areas. Finally, the village bank can use the advantage of full understanding of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" information, design different financial products, fully meet the special financing requirements of the farmers, promoting agricultural industrialization, increasing the added value of the industry, realizing the win-win situation of the small and micro businesses, farmers and village bank.The aim to the establishment of village banks is to serve the rural economy, promote the development of rural finance. The envisage of the establishment of village banks is to gradually promote the small range of liquidity, active in the local rural financial market through its absorption of savings, lending and other business activities, and by development of small range of village bank, gradually promote the rural financial level, and then solve the problem of the rural small and micro businesses and farmers loans.Village bank is independent legal entity which is responsible for their own profits and losses. The business is the "profit" tendency, makes the developing trend of village banks have gradually deviated from the original intention, and the relevant national policy support is not in place, also bring obstacle for the development of village bank.Therefore, through the study on the existing financial, fiscal, taxation system, how to make the village banks in the balance between the policy and commercial operation mode, explore the effective developing operation, promote the sustainable development, to improve the relevant policies of the government, meet the win-win situation of social benefit and economic benefit of village bank, solve the important mission to service the agriculture, countryside and farmers, has the important practical significance.This paper reviews the generation and development of village bank firstly. Village bank is a financial institution approved by the relevant departments of the government, China Banking Regulatory Commission and the relevant departments. The establishment of village banks is to solve the financing problem of economic development in rural area. Firstly, a state-owned commercial bank is a sponsor. The sponsoring bank has the characteristics of perfect risk control, solid financial strength, complete business range. The sponsor to establish a village banks, can also include the natural person and enterprise which have surplus funds. Village bank is an independent financial enterprise, has the characteristics of independent accounting, self financing. Its establishment is an important part of building a new socialist rural construction system. The mark of the establishment of village banks was the three village banks started business in March2007. As of March2013, there are903village banks in China. In the established institutions, there are557village banks in the central and western regions, accounted for more than62percent. The village banks have the paid-up capital of58,900,000,000Yuan, the total assets of454,000,000,000Yuan, the loan balance of263,600,000,000Yuan, farmers loan balance of97,400,000,000Yuan, rural small enterprise loan balance of132,200,000,000Yuan, accounting for87percent of all loans.The third chapter analyzes the common problems the village bank facing. First of all, village bank is newly emerging in recent years, the social awareness is finite. Rural residents believe that the deposit should be in the traditional big state-owned banks, lack of trust for putting the money in the village bank. This leads to village banks are difficult to carry out deposits and other liabilities business, the funds source is shortage.Secondly, the word "village bank" emphasizes the establishment of region and service object. That is, village bank is a financial institution set up in rural areas, the main operating goal is to provide financial services for farmers, agriculture and rural economic development. But from the present opened village banks, there are few bank headquartered in the rural area, most village banks have their headquarters in the city or county town in which the economy is relatively developed. At present, the village bank does not have a clear market positioning, and the trend of breaking away from farming have appeared gradually in some banks. As commercial banks, village banks obviously have the character of profit. At present, there are few village banks focus on the loan business of "high risk, high cost, low profit" from small and micro enterprise and the farmer. Not only that, in the implementation of the drive of capital profit and the risk management, many village banks reduce the amount of rural loans, increase threshold of loans and the loan approval right. What is more, some village banks even loans to the economically developed city and non-agricultural projects, rural loan is more difficult.Currently, there are still many restrictions on the regulations of the establishment and the equity structure of the village bank. Regulators are still restricted on the share-holding percent of sponsor and natural person, it can’t fully mobilize surplus private funds. Private capital can’t participate the establishment and operation of rural banks freely. There are also many other problems, such as rural credit system is difficult to establish, clearing system is not clear, loan to deposit ratio is too high, the lack of qualified staff.In the fourth chapter, through the analysis of typical cases of rural banks, it provides the solutions to solve the common problems of village banks.To consider the problems which appears in the process of creation and development of village banks, it should be begin with the origin of rural issues, as the policy ideas to solve the problems oriented. Then the problem of rural banks could be solved.The urban-rural dualistic structure is the root cause of issues of agriculture, rural and farmers. The urban-rural dualistic structure has the characteristics as follows. Firstly, it distinguishes urban and rural residents by the household registration system. Secondly, because of the difference of urban and rural residents in household, there are great differences of basic public services in urban and rural areas, which lead to the serious inequality of related rights and obligations. Finally, the key problem of the urban-rural dualistic structure is farmers’unclear and incomplete property rights.At present, the goal of urban and rural reform is to break the urban-rural dualistic structure, remove institutional barriers hindering the integration of urban and rural development. Through many changes including the reform of the household registration system, to achieve a balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas, promote the free flow of talent, liberate rural productivity enormously, basis for the solid material in building a new socialist countryside, and realize the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.Chengdu started the urban and rural reform in2003, has been approved as a national coordinating urban and rural comprehensive reform experimental area in2007, has made important progress in the construction of a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural fundamental in fundamental change. Many innovative reforms of rural financial reform have been launched, including village banks. Through the investigations of Jindu Village Bank in Dujiangyan and the communion with bank staffs, depositors and lender in each layer, we are sure to choose village bank as a case example, which establish and develop in the urban and rural comprehensive reform experimental area, could solve some much-needed common problems for the development of rural banks and rural financial in the clear ideas, explore the development direction, can be used as a reference case in the practice of rural financial reform.The paper starts with the SWOT analysis method, analyses the situations Jindu Village Bank in Dujiangyan facing in the process of business, such as financial, fiscal, taxation and market. Focuses on the analysis in the face of the system and market constraints, Jindu Village Bank in Dujiangyan provides new business to service in a innovative way, including the future ownership mortgage loans, the peasant joint guarantee loans, small and micro businesses and Guarantee Corporation loans, credit loan pattern.In the case of Jindu Village Bank in Dujiangyan, we can analyze the referential significance from Jindu Village Bank in the coordination of the contradiction between the commercial operation and policy oriented.First of all, village bank must take root in rural areas, service agriculture, countryside and farmers, otherwise the original intention of the establishment be changed. The development of village bank in rural areas, it is to seize the commanding point in the rural finance, namely quality financing needs from agriculture leading enterprises, which have good economic business basis and economic business large-scale industrializated, rather than into the rural financial low-end market, i.e. financing demands of loans to economic instability farmers and small micro enterprise.Village bank is independent and self financing entities in market economy, is not policy poverty alleviation organization affiliated with the government. Although village bank plays an important role in promoting rural economy and financial development, but its business is commercial behavior rather than poverty alleviation. Therefore, the business must comply with the principles of market economy. On the premise of positioning in the "agriculture, countryside and farmers ", the village bank should take advantage of taking root in rural areas and understanding rural information, reduce financial risks. According to the specific circumstances of each peasant household and small micro businesses, the development way is to provide innovative financial service.Of course, agriculture is a weak industry, in order to support the development of village bank, reduce the risk of economic fluctuations from weak agriculture to the village banks, it should set up the related policy support. Therefore, the paper finally points out, in order to promote the development of village banks, it can be promote from the bank’s internal construction and external credit environment improvement in general.In the aspect of bank internal construction, positioning in the premise to service local agriculture, it should provide personalized financial services to become the most important competitive advantage of village bank. Around this goal, it need to do from the corporate governance structure of village banks, expanding the sources of funds, and strengthen the financial service innovation.In the external supervision, strengthening policy support is the key. First, we need to emphasize the fundamental purpose of village banks is to service the region farmers, agricultural and rural economic development, it should never be shaken. In this context, the relevant national policy of finance and taxation should be tilted to the village bank. Secondly, the construction of relevant systems should be improved, such as to perfect the credit system, supervision system, intermediary service system etc.. |
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