International Division Of Labor Forms And U.S.

In the background of that the process of economic globalization has acceleratednoticeably, the international division of labor deepen continuously, and internationaltrade has been developing rapidly. Meanwhile, the U.S. trade imbalance intensifies,and it becomes the focus of global trade imbalance. And the U.S. merchandise tradedeficit in2012reached729.6billion dollars. In recent years, affected by the financialcrisis, the U.S. trade protectionism began to heat up. The U.S. trade friction withChina, Japan and other countries happen frequently. Therefore, this study focused onthe U.S. trade imbalance has practical significance.Breaking through the traditional areas of Sino-US trade imbalance research andstarting from the perspective of the international division of labor, this paper conductsa comparative study on the impact of two main forms of division of labor, includingIntra-industry Horizontal Division and Vertical Specialization, on United States tradeimbalance. We consider the trade between the United States and Germany, the U.S.and East Asian as our research object. Finally, after empirical testing we conclude thatVertical Specialization between the U.S. and East Asia exacerbated the U.S. tradeimbalance, in contrast, Intra-industry Horizontal Division between the United Statesand Germany have slowing effect on the trade imbalance, indicating that VerticalSpecialization is the main reason of the U.S. trade imbalance. The higher the degreeof Vertical Specialization is, the greater the U.S. trade deficit is.This paper also analyzes "re-industrialization" strategy put forward by UnitedStates in the post-crisis era. Considering the problem that China is at the low end ofthe international division of labor in the long-term and combined with the experienceof the United States, we draw inspiration and propose relevant recommendationsabout the development of producer services.