Research On The Tobacco Monopoly Of National Government During The Anti-Japanese War

Tobacco has been a part of daily life since it introduced into China. With the pace of modern industry, Chinese traditional tobacco industry had gradually transformed to modern cigarette industry. At the same time, the government began to strengthen management of tobacco. The interaction of tobacco policy and industry increased frequently from the alcohol and tobacco monopoly system in the period of the Beiyong Government to the unified tax system of tobacco in the period of Nanjing National Government.The National government carried out the Exclusive Agency Policy of tobacco when faced the lasting war that against Japan which due to the consideration of increasing financial revenue and stabilize prices to firm their wartime economic system during the Anti-Japanese War. The Exclusive Agency Policy meant that tobacco had become one of the four monopoly goods in the government monopoly system which made the effect of National tobacco policy developed to reach a peak. The National government build a extensive organization system in the period of Anti Japanese war (1942.7～1945.1).The monopoly of tobacco comes true through supervising the five business subjects-tobacco farmers,cigarette paper factories,tobacco producers,dealers and retailers,with "Production depends on the merchant,government collection, government transported, businessman sales" as the principle,Comprehensive survey on the tobacco monopoly business, it played an important part in increasing revenue and promoted the development of tobacco in rear areas. However, the tobacco monopoly didn’t help to stabilize prices, on the contrary, it intensified the rise in price of tobacco that owing to the gap of system design and implementation, which brought negative effects on the development of tobacco in rear areas. Eventually, it caused the development of tobacco expanded extremely in rear areas and began to shrink.