| Since reform and opening, with the advance of economic globalization and the deepening of China’s industrialization process, electromechanical products exports grew very rapidly, electromechanical industry has gradually become the largest industry in China’s export trade in recent years, even more than Germany to become the biggest country in the world’s exports. But high "quantity" do not mean high "quality","quality" is reflected the export structure of a country’s exports as well as an industry, how is the export technical structure of China’s electromechanical industry? Whether has the international advantage? These are issues worth exploring. Based Hausmann constructed export sophistication index, these article analyzes the export technical structure of electromechanical industry and do systematic international comparison, then build dynamic panel data model analysis of the factors affecting the export technical structure.Firstly, using SITC Rev.3 tertile levels of 69 kinds of electromechanical products export trade data on 52 countries calculate the technical content for each type of electromechanical products, and study the export technical structure distribution of electromechanical industry as a whole and sub-sectors. The results show that China’s main export of electromechanical products are low- technology, the proportion of high-tech exports are low and diverted by some mid-tech products. On the seven segments industry, metal manufacturing, electrical machinery manufacturing and electronic equipment manufacturing exports relatively good technical structure of the distribution and the remaining four industries exports are mainly low- technology product. The technical content indices weighted average export sophistication index was able to measure the level of exports technical structure of electromechanical industry. Through the international comparison, China’s level of exports technical structure is far behind the developed countries, and even in the bottom of BRIC countries. In sub-sector industries, only metal manufacturing and electrical machinery manufacturing industry is relatively forward international rankings, other industries are in the middle or lower levels of the world.Secondly, based on the analysis of the factors affecting the export technical structure of electromechanical industry, the article builds dynamic panel data, using the empirical analysis of first-difference GMM models. The result shows that, FDI, import trade, capital-labor endowments, human capital and domestic competitions play a stimulating role in upgrading the export technical structure of electromechanical industry, but the impact of the effect is different at different times. Throughout the period 1995-2011, the previous level of technical structure, FDI, import trade, human capital and domestic competition are important factors in promoting export technical structure. The regression results indicate in sub-periods:after 2001, the upgrade path has undergone dynamic structural changes, the internal and external factors that play role in promoting are in a large area, but the increase in power is extended from FDI and import trade. In every period of human capital is always an important factor in upgrading the export of electromechanical industrial technical structure, capital endowment effect has not been fully played, then the role of technological innovation is not significant, indicating that the upgrade of electromechanical industry’s export technical structure in our country needs to be further improved.To further improve China’s export of electromechanical industry technical structure, accelerate industrial restructuring and upgrading, according to the empirical results this article puts forward the policy recommendations from expanding high-tech electromechanical products, control the flow of FDI, accelerate human capital accumulation, increasing the endowment investment, improving the technological innovation capability and so on. |
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