Research On Differential Pricing Of Small-size Cargo Express In The Road Long-distance Bus Terminal

"Small-size cargo express" is short for parcels express of long-distance bus terminal. As a supplementary business of passenger station, it makes full use of existing passenger terminal resources and as a carrier, bus luggage cabin is used. And depending on the advantage of low costs and high efficiency, small-size cargo express becomes an important growth point of passenger station which confronting with fierce competition pressure. In recent years, with the development of small-size cargo express, the cargo has increased steadily. However, the price is unreasonable, and the standard of pricing is chaotic, which greatly hindered the development of small-size cargo express. So, the article studies the pricing methods of the small-size cargo express in depth.To make a reasonable price of the small-size cargo express, the paper puts forward the idea of differential pricing. In order to obtain higher profits, the principle of "high price for hot line, low price for cold line, high price for good quality," should be fully considered in practice. For those line whose freight volume is larger, and price elasticity of demand for transport is smaller, a higher price should be set, and for those line whose price elasticity of demand is larger, or market alternatives are more, a lower price should be set.In this paper, the author briefly introduces the concept of small-size cargo express, development and the development of models, and uses the method of SWOT to summarize the development situation of small express firstly. Then discusses and expounds the pricing subject and related pricing theory of the small-size cargo express in detail. Followed by, the author establishes a model of cargo-Ramsey pricing, to solve this model, the writer mainly uses the test method of ADF, and uses the econometric software Eviews to test the unit root for each variable, at the same time, makes an analysis of regression, and then draws a conclusion that the relationship of Ramsey pricing and freight traffic is a negative correlation. Moreover, the comprehensive pricing model based on cost and demand is set up, and the method of FAHP to calculate the weights of comprehensive pricing model is used, too. Secondly, according to factors affecting small express cargo demand, the author divides the lines into different regions. In this process, the method of the entropy value based on MATLAB programming algorithm to solve the weight of each index is used. Then, the K-means cluster analysis is used to divide routes into three types. And Pricing methods including:the average cost pricing, comprehensive pricing and Ramsey pricing are used according to the different characteristics of these three regional lines. Finally, the author takes Jinan line, Yancheng line and Datong line of Zhaogongkou passenger station for instance to calculate the freight rates.