Land Use Change And Land Use Structure Optimization In Restricted Development Ecological Areas Of Ningxia

Land is the material basis of human survival and development, land use change is a miniature of the level of economic development, style of production and life, science and technology and regional policy over a period of time. Development direction in restricted development ecological area is to maintain and improve the supply capacity of eco-products, but with the accelerating pace of building overall well-off society, the pressure of urbanization and industrialization increase so fast, how to optimize the allocation of land resources is the best choice? In this study, I would like to take Pengyang county, water and soil conservation restricted development ecological area, for example. Firstly, analyze the number, structure, degree of land use variation, study the driving factors of land use change. Then apply ecosystem services value estimate model (Xie,2015), evaluate ecosystem services value response to 20 years of land use change. Finally use ARCGIS secondary development compiled colony algorithm, solved with the objective of maximizing ecosystem services value on land use structure optimization plan and proposed land use structure optimization suggestions, which answering land use structure optimization problems in restricted development ecological areas, providing a reference for Pengyang develop scientific and rational land use decisions, and offering references for other restricted development ecological areas in land use structure optimization. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) In the year of 1995-2014, the main land use types of Pengyang are grassland and farmland, grassland, unused land and farmland are of the largest amount of change, construction land, unused land and grassland have the biggest change; land use structure increasingly unbalanced, land use are in a adjustment period or slow development periods, the driving factors including policy factors, economic development, living level, urbanization, demographic factors and technological factors.(2) In the year of 1995-2014, the total value of Pengyang ecosystem services show a continued upward trend, the total value of ecosystem services rose from 1.059 billion yuan in 1995 to 1.493 billion yuan in 2014, increased 434 million yuan, the function of ecosystem services increased dramatically. Grassland ecosystem services’value increased the most, followed by forest and water; ecosystem services’value of grassland, forest, farmland accounts for over 90% of the total value of ecosystem services. In addition to food production function decreased slightly, the value of the ecosystem services are increasing; hydrological regulation, climate regulation, soil conservation, gas regulation, biodiversity, environment purification accounts for 80% of the total value of ecosystem services, and they are the major ecological products of Pengyang ecosystems.(3) With the objective of maximizing ecosystem services value, by the year 2020, Pengyang land use structure optimization program is 66900 hectares of farmland,14972.39 hectares of forest land, 165,565.98 hectares of grassland,1257.30 hectares of water area,2262.37 hectares of the construction area and 502.92 hectares of unused land area; optimization program makes ecosystem services value increasing 33 million yuan based on 2014.(4) Strengthen land management, improve the quality of farmland, enhance protection for grassland, forest and water, strengthen the intensive of land use, combine ecological protection and special industries, increase the intensity of the ecological environment, establish ecological compensation mechanism to ensure the land use structure optimization program effectively implemented. Among them, the Northern Loess Hilly Soil and Water Conservation Zone should reforestation, enclosure and protection of natural grassland and comprehensive management of small watershed-based; Central Valley Gully Comprehensive Ecological Zone should use construction land intensively and economically, implement forest&agriculture, forest&animal husbandry and forestr&city in basis of local conditions; Southwest Rock Mountain Headwater Protection Zone should manage and protect forest, organize land and prevent geological disasters and forest fires.