| The Mt.Qomolangma Natural Reserve,Tibet(QNR)conserves the extreme-highly mountainous ecosystem with the Mt.Qomolangma and plays a special role in the ecological and biological evolution in the world.However,its mammalian fauna is still a mystery,since its hard natural environments and inconvenient traffic.We carried out six surveys for mammalian diversity in the QNR by using belt transect method,visiting,auto-trigger camera system and traps,from September,2010 to October,2013.The results of this research show that:(1)A total of 81 species,23 families,10 orders were recordedwith 34 species which were listed as State Key Protection List.(2)Among them,the regional species took a high rate,38.3%,with 14 Himalaya-Hengduan Mountainous species and 17 Highland species.(3)With the attitude increase,species richness increased and reached its maximum,48 species were found at 2500 m-3300 m,then decreased fast.(4)The Fauna in the South Slope significantly differ from that in the North Slope.Among 76 species in the South Slope,41 species belonged to the Orient Realm and 25 belonged to the Palearctic.Among the 29 species in the North Slope,there were 2 Oriental species and 23 Palearctic species.In the South Slope,the Oriental species are dominantbelong the attitude of 3300 m and the Palearctic did above that of 4000 m.Hence,we suggested that the division between the Oriental Realm and the Palearctic Realm exited in the South Slope in QNR and its attitude was among 3300 m-4000 m.Gyirong Valley is one of four valley in the south slope of Mt.Qomolangma.To understand the diversity of non-volantsmall mammals along the elevational gradient of Gyirong Valley,We conducted 2 surveys,from May to October in 2012 and from July to October in 2013.From 1750 m to 5350 m with an interval of 300m,12successiveelevational bandshave been set.Each elevational band contained 5 sampling sites.684 small mammals were captured in 21600 trap nights.22 species were recorded,except from 4 unknow species,There were 18 species belong to 13genera,4 families and 3 orders.The results indicated that:(1)The species cumulative curve showed that the samplingof non-volant small mammal species were adequate and well reflected the diversity distribution pattern along the elevationalgradient.(2)The species richness patterns for non-volant small mammals along the Gyirong Valley were hump-shaped with the highest richness at low and middleelevation,the Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Fisher-?and Margalef index indicated thatthe species richness is higher atlow elevation.The highest Species richness and species abundance is at low and middle elevation,the lowestis at high elevation.(3)The maximums of Pielou index and Buzas&Gibson index is at low elevation,theminimums is at high elevation.(4)Berge-Parker index generally increases with the rise of elevation,and the maximum appeared at an elevation of 4300 m,the minimum appeared at the elevation of 2800 m.(5)Simpson diversity index failed to reflect thedifferences between different elevational bands.Comparethe Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index with the Fisher-? index and Margalef index,we can conclude that Fisher-a index and Margalef index can better reflect the differences of species richness of different elevational bands.(6)The clustering analysis based on the species composition of the 12 elevational bands also indicate that the species richness and abundance peak at the mid-elevation.To sum up,This unimodal diversitydistribution pattern suggests that the mid-elevational area should be paid more attention in the diversity conservation andecological management of Gyirong Valley,because it has the highest diversity of small mammals and theseirreplaceable species play important and fundamental roles in maintaining the health of mountain ecosystems. |
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