| Taibai Mountain National Nature Reserve was located in the middle of Qinling Mountains,on the north-south boundary of China.It plays an important role in mountain ecological protection and biodiversity research.The vertical distribution pattern of species diversity along the elevation gradient in mountainous areas has been a hotspot in biodiversity research,and the most common distribution pattern was the mid-peak pattern.In order to comprehensively grasp the composition and fauna of small mammals on the northern slope of Taibai Mountain,and verify the vertical distribution pattern of species diversity of small mammals on the northern slope of Taibai Mountain,this study investigated the species diversity of small mammals on the northern slope of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve by sample sites,trap-day and traps from June to September in 2020 and 2021.Fifteen sampling points were set,with a total of 4150 rat traps,105 traps and 8 sample sites.DNA barcoding technology was used to identify the suspected species in the process of morphological identification and determine their taxonomic status.The main results are as follows :A total of 148 small mammals belonging to 21 species,12 genera,7 families,and4 orders,12 species in Palaearctic fauna,and 9 species in Oriental fauna were recorded in this northern slope survey.Among them,Rhinolophus affini,Plecotus auritus,Sorex bedfordiae,and Chimarrogale himalayica were recorded for the first time.According to the literature,there were 56 species of 4 orders,15 families,36 species of Rodents,11 species of Eulipotyphla,6 species of Chiroptera,and 3 species of Lagomorpha in Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve.Among them,there are 22 endemic species,1 endangered species,3 vulnerable species,and 6 near-endangered species.The fauna in Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve is dominated by 31 species in the Oriental fauna,20 species in the Palaearctic fauna,and 5 species in the widespread fauna.The vertical distribution pattern of species diversity of small mammals in the northern slope of Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve is a left-biased mid-peak pattern,which conforms to the Mid-domain effet.The species diversity of Quercus variabilis and Quercus aliena which in the middle altitude area was the highest,and that of Abies fargesii in high altitude area was the lowest.The species diversity of small mammalsain broad-leavedaforest with the highastand replacement rate wasa generally higher than that in coniferous forest.This distribution pattern was mainly related to the composition of Oriental fauna and Palaearctic fauna,endemic species and non-endemic species of small and medium-sized mammals in the community.In the ecological environment of high altitude areas,Palaearctic species had stronger adaptability than Oriental species.47 samples were identified as Apodemus drac,Niviventer confucianus,and Niviventer sp.1,and the sequence length was 649 bp.The intraspecific genetic distances of the three species were 0.28%–2.52%.The interspecific genetic distances were significantly greater than the intraspecific genetic distances.The genetic distance between N.confucianus and Niviventer sp.1 was the lowest in Qingfengxia.Among the 10 similar species,the genetic distance between Niviventer sp.1 and N.confucianus was the lowest,reaching 0.15%.The genetic distance between Niviventer sp.1 and N.confucianus,N.confucianus and other species was more than 10%.In the phylogenetic tree,the congregation trend of the same genus individuals was obvious,and N.confucianus,and Niviventer sp.1 were clustered in the same branch.Combined with morphological characteristics(body weight,body length,etc.),the morphological characteristics of Niviventer sp.1 was most similar to that of N.confucianus.Niviventer sp.1 had a high genetic relationship with N.confucianus,which might be a hidden species or subspecies of N.confucianus. |
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