Species Identification Of Araneae From Xiaowutai Mountain,Hebei,China With DNA Barcoding

DNA barcoding is a fast and efficient molecular tool for identification. It can get rid of the shackles of traditional taxonomy and makes identification more accurate, more rapid and standardized. The emergence and development of DNA barcoding brought a breakthrough for spider biodiversity research.This study has successfully obtained 2493 COI(mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) sequenes of spider specimens in Xiaowutai Mountain. Preliminary classification using morphology resulted in 240 morphospecies belonging to 110 genera, 28 families. The intraspecies and interspecies genetic distances were calculated using the Kimura 2- parameter(K2P) model, and phylogenetic tree were reconstructed by Neighbour-joining(NJ). jMOTU and ABGD were used to identify the samples respectively. The results of the jMOTU and ABGD were compared with that of morphological identification to investigate the feasibility of DNA barcoding technology in spider species identification. Meanwhile, using ggtree package of R analysis the family level clustering to discuss weather COI gene is feasibility at the family level of spider.The results showed that:(1) Species were successfully distinguished by jMOTU, ABGD and NJ tree. The three methods has higher accuracy in identification of spider species. We found that there have 14 species were identified to two or more clusters by the three methods: Misumena vatia,Asianellus festivus,Philodromus cespitum,Philodromus aureoles,Allomengea dentisetis,Neoscona sp23,Agelena labyrinthica,Takayus takayensis,Pistius undulates,Trochosa ruricola,Plator sinicus,Drassodes hebei,Pardosa paratesquor, Heriaeus melloteei. The distance of this species >4.5, suggests their may be cryptic specie.(2) There have an inconsistent phenomenon in the results of jMOTU, ABGD and NJ tree. Maybe duo to the different methods of analysis required different algorithm. This phenomenon also reminds us that we need to combine DNA barcoding with different methods to disscuss the problem of species.(3) At the family level, the phylogenetic tree of NJ based on COI gene showed that there COI gene is feasibility at the family level of Thomisidae, Theridiidae, Salticidae, Pholcidae, Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Clubionidae and Araneidae. The most species of each family can clustered a monophyletic group. But, COI gene is not feasibility at the family of Tetragnathidae, Philodromidae, Gnaphosidae and Agelenidae, because most species of this family ha not clustered a monophyletic group. It need add other genes(eg.16 S, 28 S, cytb, etc) to explor which gene feasibility at these family of Tetragnathidae, Philodromidae, Gnaphosidae and Agelenidae.