Freshwater Fungi In Northern Thailand:Towards A Natural Classification Of Annulatascaceae-like Taxa And Two Interesting Species In Dothideomycetes

Presently,the best working definition of freshwater fungi are "the whole or part of their life cyle rely on freshwater".Freshwater fungi are mostly sprobic on woody debris submerged in freshwater(e.g.twigs,leaves,bamboos),so the decomposing of wood are associated with the life cyle of freshwater fungi.The fermentation products of freshwater fungi are also applied in inhibiting the growth of microorganism.They also play an important role in agriculture,medicine and environment.In recent years,more and more new species and new records are reported from freshwater habitat.It is estimated that there are still large numbers of freshwater fungi yet to be discovered.In this study,we aim to report new species on the basis of morphology and phylogeny,to reflect their natural classification.Our samples were collected from a small river in Prachuap Khiri Khan in northen Thailand.We totally collected 134 fresh specimens,from which 59 species were encountered and 36 pure cultures and 103 sequences were obtained.35 dry specimens and pure cultures were deposited in Mae Fae Luang University(MFLU)and Mae Fae Luang University Culture Collection(MFLUCC),1 dry specimen and pure culture was deposited in Herbarium of Cryptogams,Kunming Institute of Botany,Academia Sinica(HKAS)and Kunming Institute of Botany Culture Collection(KUMCC).Based on morphological data and molecular data,nine new Annulatasaceae-like taxa were identified that belong to Sordariomycetes.According to further phylogenetic and evolutional analyses,a new order,six new families,nine new species were introduced:1)The new order Atractosporales was established to accommodate three new built families Atractosporaceae,Conlariaceae and Pseudoproboscisporaceae.Atractosporaceae was introduced for the genus Atractospora and Rubellisphaeria,including A.thailandensis sp.nov.Conlariaceae was established for genus Conlaria comprises two species,Conlaria duplumascospora and C.aqzuaticum sp.nov.Pseudoproboscisporaceae comprises Cateractispora,Diluviicola and Pseudoproboscispora,including Dirviicola aquatica sp.nov.and Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis sp.nov.Diaporthomycetidae,families incertae sedis2)Barbatosphaeriaceae was introduced to accommodate three genera Barbatosphaeria,Ceratostomella and Xylomelasma.3)Lentomitellaceae was introduced to accommodate three genera Fusoidispora,Lentomitella and Pseudoannulatascu.4)Three new species Fluminicola aquation sp.nov.,F.saprotrophica sp.nov.and F.thailandensis sp.nov.were added in Papulosaceae.5)The new species Sporidesmium thailandense sp.nov.was introduced as the first sexual moiph in Sporidesmiaceae.6)Wosuwasiaceae was introduced to accommodate three genera Cyanoannulus,Woswasia and Xylochrysis.Diaporthomycetidae,genera incertae sedis7)Aquaticola and Dictyosporella were assigned to Diaporthomycetidae,genera incertae sedis as their unstable phylogeneic position in phylogenetic and evolutional tree.Dictyosporella thailandensis sp.nov.was introduced in Dictyosporella as the first sexual moiph for this genus.Detailed descriptions and notes were provided for new order,new families and new species.Two new interesting taxa were introduced based on morphological data and molecular data,which belong to the order Pleosporales,class Dothideomycetes.A freshwater ascomycetes Didymella aptrootii was encountered.Molecular data demonstrated that the species did not belong to the genus Didymella as it clustered with members of Bambusicolaceae and they had similar morphological characters.However,Didymella aptrootii could not be assigned to any existing genus in the family Bambusicolaceae.Thus,a new genus Longipedicellata was established for Didymella aptrootii.A new freshwater coelomycetes C.guttulata was introduced in the genus Clohesyomyces,family Lindgomycetaceae.Two new taxa were introduced with detailed descriptions,illustrations and notes.