Study On Popularization Of Meteorological Science During The Period Of The Beiyang Government

To the twentieth century, the west culture communication to China, a large number of the introduction of advanced Western science and technology, promoted the spread of Western technology in China.Republic of China was established in 1912, it emerges a large group of excellent returned students, who bring the advanced scientific and technical products from abroad. They hope that could be taken to others. Meteorological popularization is the most important part of science popularization, because it is close to human's life. Meteorological activities have been carried out before the founding of China Meteorological Society. In this paper,the author starts from the perspective of the history of science and technology,connects the dissemination of meteorological journals, the development of meteorological science and technology and the contents of communication. The author examines the spread of meteorological science and analysis of social physique and cultural accomplishment systematically.This paper focuses on the preliminary construction of the meteorological science system during the period of the Beiyang Government (1912-1928). Although the Chinese meteorology was still in the stage of enlightenment, it was mature in the West as a natural science. Its popularization process in China was the process of meteorological science. This paper focuses on the macroscopic analysis of the meteorological science, it including three aspects: the political environment, the economic environment and the cultural environment. From the aspects of popular science subject and object, forms and channels, content and efficiency, so as to fully summarize how meteorology to mature.Firstly, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing the definition of popularization of science, the concept of meteorological science is redefined,including the connotation and extension of modern meteorological science popularization. The development of meteorological science is a unique stage in the period of Beiyang government, and the study of its background will have a macroscopic control of meteorological science popularization at this stage. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the history of meteorological science is sprouting. On the one hand, the scholar-bureaucrat write books to show the meteorological knowledge.On the other hand, the missionaries introduced the western advanced meteorological and translated the meteorology works. During the period of Beiyang government, the meteorological science system began to construct. Th subject and object were evolving, the form and the way were perfect.Secondly, the paper discusses in detail the evolution of the subject and object in the period of Beiyang government. The subject includes scientist and professional science practice. Scientists subject are some meteorological or related professional scientists, who took part in meteorological business activities, such as Jiang Bingran,Wang Yingwei, Gao Lu, Chang Fuyuan and so on. The institute subject, includes the Chinese Meteorological Society, the Chinese Astronomical Society, China Geological Society and Science Society. The object includes the intellectuals of the relevant discipline, the general group and the group member of institute. The scientists community, science education and popular science are all belong to science popularization,so the scope of science popularization has expanded.Thirdly, the paper analyzes the forms and channels of meteorological science popularization , including the development of weather forecasting, the cultivation of meteorological science and technology talents, the publication of meteorological science journals and the establishment of popular media meteorological science columns. The meteorological science and culture is also its characteristic, it built a bridge between the science and literature. Although in the early years of the Republic of China, forms and channels were varied.Fourthly,based on the professional meteorological journals in Beiyang government period, the author analyzed the meteorological science content,including the principle of dissemination, knowledge and equipment science. This is the most important part of the article, you can grasp the public meteorological knowledge of Beiyang government at a glance. At this time the basic knowledge and instrument is the main content of popularization of meteorological science, it includes water vapor phenomenon, light phenomenon, air pressure and wind;thermometer, hygrometer, barometer and so on.Last but not least, the paper explores the influence of meteorological science in the period of Beiyang government, which mainly includes three aspects: the development of national economy, the improvement of public meteorological scientific literacy and the development of meteorological science. The popularization of meteorological science promote the development of agriculture, disaster prevention and control, the popularization of aviation applications, the improvement of public meteorological knowledge, meteorological disaster prevention and research literacy, the promotion of the independence and specialization of meteorological subjects, the promotion and development of meteorological education and meteorological professionals.The author tries to make a comprehensive analysis of meteorological science system in the period of Beiyang government, meteorological science is in the enlightenment period. It fits of great significant to analyze how the meteorological science become mature step by step. It has initiated many fundamental researches to the development of meteorological service.