| Geothermal energy is regarded as an important new type of clean energy and is currently being exploited by many countries and regions around the world.High-temperature geothermal power is used to generate electricity,and medium-low temperature geothermal heat is generally used for bathing or industrial and agricultural production.On the other hand,hot springs are often used as geothermic symbol of geothermal heat.As a geothermal indicator,geothermal groundwater can bring many kinds of information such as underground environment,groundwater movement and groundwater formation.By studying the distribution characteristics and hydrochemical characteristics of hot springs and analyzing their formations with the geological background,it is of great significance to enrich geothermal understanding and to promote the development and utilization of geothermal resources.There are14 hot springs in the Shandong peninsula area.This article deals mainly with five hot springs: Jimo Hot Spring,Zhaoyuan Hot Spring,Qixia Aishantang Hot Spring,Penglai Wenshitang Hot Spring and Yantai Yujiatang Hot Spring.All the five hot springs expose in the granite area,and the faults dominate the distribution of the hot springs.The water temperature of the five hot springs ranges from 35.6 to 83.1 °C,the p H value,from 5.4 to 8.3,TDS,from 0.389 to 9.594 g/L.Using the software Aqua Chem to analyze the data of hot water samples,it is found that the main ions in Jimo and Zhaoyuan hot spring water are Na,Ca,Cl.The types of hydrochemistry of these two hot spring are Cl-Na type and Cl-Na?Ca type,respectively.The main ions of the Aishantang Hot Spring,Wenshitang Hot Spring,and Yujiatang Hot Spring are Na,HCO3 and Na+,they are of HCO3-Na type water.The concentrations of bromide in the Jimo and Zhaoyuan hot springs reach the standard for the mineral water with the average concentration of bromide in the Jimo Hot Spring is 13.3 mg/L;the content of the strontium is 43.7 and 23.0 mg/L,respectively,which reaches the standard medical mineral spring.The contents of H2 Si O3 of the five hot springs reach the standard of mineral water.The analyses of the hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of the five hot springs indicates that the five hot springs are all meteoric in origin;the little isotope drift of the Jimo hot springs due to seasonal changes,and the elevations of recharge area are estimated as 966.7 m,765 m,990 m,1096.67 m,and 941.67 m respectively.The hot water ages are 1340 a,810 a,835 a,490 a and 2956 a,respectively;the geothermal storage temperatures are 111.3 °C,117.2 °C,104.5 °C,120 °C and 110.3 °C,respectively;and the circulation depths were 627 m,663.4m,583 m,682 and 620 m respectively.By using the silicon enthalpy equation method and the silicon enthalpy diagram method,the mixing ratio of cold water is estimated as 49.85 %,50.18 %,93 %,88 %,and 50.12 %,respectively.Using the water-chemical mixing method,it is found that the mixing ratio of seawater in the Jimo Hot Spring and Zhaoyuan Hot Spring is 22.5% and 5%,respectively.The formation model of the hot springs in the western Shandong peninsula is mainly the same.After receiving recharge from precipitation,groundwater mainly travels through the deep fault zones and fractured zones and is heated by the heat flow from below,rises and mix with the shallow groundwater and seawater,and issues in the form of hot springs.The detailed proposals for the use of geothermal resources in the western Shandong Peninsula rationally include:(1)strengthening the legal system related to geothermal resources and strengthening the management of relevant departments;(2)strengthening the search for the blind hot springs and providing preservative geothermal resources(3)strengthening the publicity and development of geothermal water containing special components;(4)using the geothermal groundwater with multiple levels to increase utilization of geothermal resources... |
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