Study On Emulsion Explosive Oil Phase Characteristics

Oil phase is an important composition of emulsion explosive, it has important significance to research the influneces of oil phase viscosity, surface tension and particle size and distribution of emulsion matrix on physical and chemical properties, detonation performance and stability of emulsion explosive. The surface tension and interfacial tension of five kinds of oil phase materials were measured,which is oil-water phase of 3#wax, paraffin, hua-yue wax, nei-meng wax, and earth wax,respectively. The influences of differences of oil phase viscosity,particle size and its distribution of emulsion matrix on the detonation performance and stability of emulsion explosives were discussed in this paper.Firstly, the surface tensions of different oil phase and emulsifier were measured by CCA-100 surface tension instrument, and the effect of surfactant on the surface tension and interfacial tension of oil-water were researched. Secondly, the viscosity of different kinds of oil phase were measured, the crystallization quality of ammonium nitrate in emulsion matrix for different kinds of oil phase materials were investigated after the high-low temperature cycling experiments, and the effect of oil phase materials on stability of emulsion explosive was discussed. Lastly, the particle size and distribution of emulsion matrix of different kinds of oil phase were measured by microscope, and the relationship between particle size, its distribution and detonation velocity were investigated, and then the effect of oil phase on detonation performance of emulsion explosive was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The relationship between the surface tension of the five kinds of oil phase materials under the liquid state:3#wax>paraffin>hua-yue wax>nei-meng wax> earth wax, and as the temperature increases, the surface tension decreases gradually. The surface tension of emulsifier emulsifier T152 was higher than that of Span-80.(2)The surface energy of the liquid surface formed by polymer emulsifier T152 is higher, and the ability of polymer emulsifier T152, which reduces the surface tension of the oil phase is smaller than that of emulsifier Span-80. Emulsifier has a great influence on the interfacial tension of oil-water, but it has little effect on the surface tension of single oil phase.(3)Under low concentration, the interfacial tension is greatly influenced by the concentration of emulsifier, and the interfacial tension decreases significantly with emulsifier concentration increasing, and later, it decreases gently, when the emulsifier concentration reaches 1.0%, that is to say it reaches critical micelle concentration(cmc), interfacial tension of oil-water is decreases no longer, and it tends to stable basically.(4)Within limits, the crystallization quality of ammonium nitrate in emulsion matrix was decreases gradually, and the stability of emulsion explosives increases with the increasing of the viscosity of oil phase materials.(5)It can obtain smaller particle size with the stirring speed increasing. The particle size and distribution tend to be a constant when the stirring speed reaches a critical value. The particleis smaller and its distribution range is narrow, which emulsion matrix is prepared by 3# wax. and corresponding detonation velocity is also the largest of emulsion explosive. The particle size distribution of emulsion matrix is narrower, that is, the smaller the particle diameter, the more uniform the distribution of the particle size, so the better performance of emulsion explosives, the greater the measured detonation velocity of emulsion explosives.