Determination And Distribution Of Emerging Contaminants—Pharmaceutical And Personal Care Products (PPCPs) In Water Supply Network

With the development of the society, there is a more and more intense need for high quality life, so the consumption of pharmaceutical and personal care products(PPCPs) is growing raipidly. These synthetic compounds can finally reach the environment by different pathways, and pose threats to the ecological system and even to the human health. Drinking water safety matters a lot to human health, the comtamination of drinking water by PPCPs is worth studying.The contamination and distribution of PPCPs pollutants are researched in this theseis.Basing on literature review and field study, 19 PPCPs compounds belonging to defferent categories were selected as target pollutants. A method of simultaneously detecting of trace level PPCPs pollutants was established based on solid phase extraction and HPLC/MS/MS, the conditions affecting the effecency of pretreatment and detection precision were optimized. The detection limits of this method were 0.06~16ng/L, and the recoveries were in the range of 37.69%~118.83%.The temporal distribution of PPCPs pollutants in tap water was researched. In the monitoring period, 13 PPCPs compounds were detected in tap water at the concentration ranging from none detecting to 17.65ng/L. The maximum concentration of PPCPs pollutants occurred in the monthes of July and October.The increased consuption of pharmaceutical and personal care products for the climate change in summer and early autumn maybe the main reason for this.The spatial distribution of PPCPs pollutants in different kinds of water supply networks was studied.It was found that the concentrations of most PPCPs pllutants decrease exponentially with distance increasing in trunk water supply line, and the base numbers of exponential functions are in the range of 0.04~0.51, which mean a drastically decreasing in PPCPs concentration. Most of the PPCPs pollutants can't be detected at the ending point, which is 3 kilometers away from the starting point. In the looped water distribution network, the concentrations of PPCPs was in the range of ND~3.80ng/L. The distribution of different PPCPs pollutants vary a lot. The total concentrations of PPCPs pollutants are higher in low water pressure area than those in high water pressure area. In low water pressure area, the farther the monitoring point away from the starting point of the network, the higher the PPCPs concentration is.