| Printing and dyeing industry is one of the important pillar industry of national economy, dyes, raw material for this industry, are essential material in manufacture and life. There are many types of dyes, some of these dyes contain substances which are harmful to the environment and human body, many countries and related organizations have made strict limits on the use of these dyes. Some disperse dyes and acid dyes have sensitization effect to the human body, can cause sensitization response on skin, mucous membrane, or respiratory tract, some even are carcinogenic and mutagenic. Dye pollutant gather into printing and dyeing sludge through waste water, tend to become difficult to handle. The harmful compositions in dyes transfer to the environment through sludge recycle and reuse, which makes human, animal and plant in potential menace. Therefore, the detection of dyeing pollutant in printing and dyeing sludge is particularly important. While the compositions of printing and dyeing sludge are complicated, to analyze dye pollutant exists lots of interference and difficulties, so selecting the suitable pretreatment and detection method is very important.Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion(MSPD) Requires low sample and organic solvent consumption, operates simply and quickly, it is particularly suitable for solid, semi-solid, and viscous samples(including biological tissue) processing. Since its invention, MSPD has been widely used in terms of environment, medicine and health care with the combination of GC-MS, HPLC-MS, etc. In this article, MSPD technique will be applied to extract dye pollutants in sludge samples, the extract will be detected in high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).This article mainly includes the following points:1. Generally introduced kinds of dye pollutants, several kinds of pretreatment methods commonly used in sludge samples and their advantages and disadvantages, especially MSPD's principle, operation steps, influential factors and application in the environmental samples.2. A matrix solid-phase dispersion(MSPD) with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of three disperse dyes(Disperse Blue35, Disperse Red1, Disperse Orange37) in sludge. Several main factors affecting the extraction effects(including the type and dosage of extraction agents, the type and dosage of eluents, grinding conditions, and the type and amount of cleaning agents, etc.) were tested in the optimization test. The three disperse dyes can achieve good linear relationship inside the range of 2?100?g/kg(r2>0.998). The limits of detection(LODs) for the target compounds ranged from 0.01?g/kg to 0.14?g/kg. Average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 86.4% to 106.4% with relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 2.9%?8.2%, which can simultaneously satisfied the detection of trace concentrations of disperse dyes in sludge.3. To further validate the MSPD method, still use MSPD-HPLC-MS/MS to detect four kinds of acid dyes(acid red 1, acid red 87, acid orange 7 and acid blue 83) in printing and dyeing sludge. The four acid dyes can achieve good linear relationship inside the range of 5?100?g/kg(r2>0.996). The limits of detection(LODs) for the target compounds ranged from 0.19?g/kg to 0.75?g/kg. Average recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 81.7% to 103.1% with relative standard deviations(RSDs) of 1.3%?8.9%, which can simultaneously satisfied the detection of trace concentrations of acid dyes in sludge.4. Finally, the conclusion, MSPD possesses simple equipment, low cost, short processing time and high extraction efficiency, has a considerable prospect in extraction of samples in sludge. |
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