| In recent years, fog and haze have become a prominent atmospheric problem which have had an influence on human health. PM2.5 is one of the major factors of fog and haze, including the direct emissions of primary fine particles and the indirect emissions of secondary fine particles. Therefore, the study has certain reference value in controling exhaust emissions effectively through developing detail emission inventories, estimating the emissions of PM2.5 and secondary fine particles systematically, learning the historical tendency of different exhaust emissions and clearing emission characteristics of pollute sources in China.The study focused on primary fine particles of PM2.sand main secondary fine particles precursors(SO2?NOx?CO?VOCS) from anthropogenic sources, including stationary sources, industrial sources, mobile sources, biomass burning sources, fugitive dust sources and solvent utilization sources. According to activity-level statistics related and the technical guide of emission inventories from Environment and Protection Department, the reaserch analyzed the components and sources of exhaust and estimated for emissions of PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and VOCs from anthropogenic sources in China during the period from 2000 to 2012. Besides, the study assessed the emission tendency of varieties of atmospheric pollutants from different sources and analyzed the distribution of main atmospheric pollutant emissions among regions in 2012. Fnally, the reaserch summarized the total emissions of main atmospheric pollutants during the period from 2000 to 2012 and made a contrast with the results of the previous studies.The anthropogenic PM2.5 emissions presented three stages as a whole during the period of the year 2000 to 2012:1)the rapid increase stage from 2000 to 2006,2)the decent stage from 2007 to 2008,3)the re growth stage after the year of 2009. The main emissions from the biomass burning sources accounted for more than 35% of the total emissions and indoor and outdoor straw burning was the main source of it. From the overall trend view, the anthropogenic SO2 emissions had been increased and then decreased while the anthropogenic emissions of NOx, CO and VOCs presented a trend of a lasting increase. The stationary sources, industrial sources and biomass burning sources were main sources of them respectively. Compared with other pollutants, CO contributed the majority emissions of atmospheric pollutants and the percentage presented a lasting increase annually.The five-top provinces of higher emissions regions were Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Guangdong and Jiangsu province in 2012, while the lower ones were concentrated in Ningxia, Hainan, Qinghai and Tibet. However, emission per capita was higher in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and so on caused by their sparse population, and also concentrated in Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang whose activity levels were high. The emission intensity of Bohai economic circle, Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region was extensive, especially Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin were the highest among all the provinces. While the intensity in Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet were less.The result presents that the direct emissions of PM2.5 accounts tower percentage, however, the secondary fine particles precursors have a rather high emissions. Therefore, the generation of secondary fine particles is increasing year by year. So it is particularly significant to control the emissions of secondary fine particles in the process of curving fog and haze. Only in this way can the atmospheric quality be developed. |
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