The Water Quality Standards Of Copper, Zinc And The Ecological Security Of Water Quality On Aquatic Organisms

With the development of economic restructuring and urbanization process accelerated, chemical industry, electroplating, metallurgy and other productions result in a lot of heavy metal pollution problems. Heavy metal pollution begins to arouse people's attention. While various inorganic and organic pollutants, heavy metals poured into the water environment which exceed the water environmental capacity. And it made the human and aquatic organisms, especially fish under the threat of heavy metal. Copper and zinc are widely used in China as the important nonferrous metals in recent years. The consumption of copper and zinc in China located the forefront of the world. Plenty of copper or zinc sewage discharged into the water body.This article discussed the influence of copper and zinc on human and aquatic lives. Copper and zinc play an important role in biological bodies as the essential trace elements. For example,copper can promote hematopoietic function, ensure the endocrine function... Zinc plays an important role in in tissue respiration, the metabolism of protein, fat, sugar and nucleic acid and so on. There are studies shown that an excess of copper salt leads to the copper poison,even cause renal failure or death. For Tanichthys albonubes, Carassius, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and other species of fish, copper belongs to high poison or toxic substances. Excessive amounts of of zinc blocks the channel between the layers or prevents growing and the respiration.Research has shown that the copper stated value of the water quality standard for fisheries(GB 11607-1989) and environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) class ? is difficult to guarantee the growth and the health of the sensitive species, the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) class ?~V exceeds the safe concentrations, even the 24 h LC50 values. By this token, the water environment standards of copper water should pay more attention to the the aquatic organisms not only to the human health. Compared to the humanbeing, the aquatic organisms have larger effects by the water environment. We should pay more attention to the aquatic organisms and ensure the healthy growth.The zinc limits of the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002)class ?, ?, ? contented the security needs of the fish, while the standards of the ?, ? class is inadequate in the protection of the sensitive aquatic organisms(Cyprinus carpio et al). The water quality standard for fisheries(GB 11607-1989) is able to protect the fish from the zinc toxicity. We should make zinc in native aquatic organisms for toxicity testing to determine the sensitive species and modify the improper related standards based on the toxicology data.The copper concentrations in parts of rivers are mostly beyond the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) in class ? but meet the standard class ?. While in some regions, the copper concentration is very high even exceeds the standard class ? ~ V and the safe concentration of fish which may be harmful to the local fish. The zinc concentrations in parts of rivers are mostly beyond or close to the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) in class ?, but the concentrations in some areas exceed the standard class ? even class ?.The copper and zinc concentrations in some parts of our country exceeded the related standards or met the standards but harmful to the health of fish. Therefore it is necessary to adjust the standard of copper and zinc. We should not only focus on the human health but also pay more attention to the healthy growth of the aquatic organisms.?n addition, it is measured that the copper 96 h LC50 of Danio rerio is 0.435 mg/L and the the safe concentration is 0.0435 mg/L which is higher than the water quality standard for fisheries(GB 11607-1989), the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) in class ?. ?t is shown that these two standards can protect Danio rerio from the toxicity of copper. But the environmental quality standards for surface water(GB3838-2002) in class ?~V exceeds the safe concentration of Danio rerio which makes it difficult to guarantee its health. Combined with the related water quality criteria of copper, this experiment confirms the conclusion in this paper.