Effects Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer On The Growth And Absorption Of Lead And Cadmium In Different Organs Of Potato

Life waste and industrial waste water,any discharge of waste gas and waste residue cause grain was headed because of heavy metal pollution such as lead and cadmium. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization process the problem become more and more serious. Heavy metal pollution become the difficult point of soil environmental governance because of its difficult degradation and transfer characteristics. At present, the phytoremediation and adding modifier that it is low cast and it does not destroy the soil structure and also not cause secondary pollution has become the most commonly used control measures.This study is the soil culture pot experiment,and it use potato,liquid organic fertilizer as the experimental material.Test includes three kinds of pullution modes such as a single pollution of lead and cadmium,and lead/cadmium pollution with applying liquid organic fertilizer.Under different liquid organic concentrations,it plays an important role on potato growing environment improvement,the change of growth,photosynthetic pigment and the change of antioxidant system as well as reducing the uptake of lead and cadmium for each organ of potato.This study use the organic fertilizer to improve the potato growing environment under lead and cadmium pollution,so that it can expand the scope of potato production.The specific research results are as follows.1.Under the lead and cadmium pollution,liquid organic fertilizer has impact on potato yield,dry matter accumulation and leaf area.The main results as follows:the plant yield increased with the change of organic fertilizer concentration in the processing. When liquid organic fertilizer reached the highest concentration,we compared organic manure treatment with various processing relative to its corresponding group,the yield increased by 26.4%? 90.6% and 36.4%.Under the liquid organic fertilizer,dry matter accumulation amount which is under the all kinds of treatments compare with their corresponding treatments which is without the liquid organic fertilizer are increased.In the tuber mature period,under the lead pollution,it has increased by 56.72%,under the cadmium pollution,it has increased by 85.39%,as well as lead/cadmium pollution is 5.46%.Under the cadmium pollution,dry matter accumulaton amount is the highest when liquid organic fertilizer reached the highest concentration.such as at the low concentration,the dry matter accumulaton amount is 1.56 g/plant. at the concentration,it is 2.23 g/strain,and at high concentration it is 5.22 g/strain.The changes of leaf area is directly affected by the environment of plant performance.Under the lead and cadmium pollution.liquid organic fertilizer has an obvious influnces on increasing the potato leaf area and the single cadmium pollution is the most obvious.In the tuber maturity,the leaf area of potato changes with the liquid organic fertilizer.And the range of variation are as these.under lead pollution it is 3.54%-15.74%,under cadmium pollution it is 42.76%-128.99% and under lead/cadmium pollution it is 0.54%?24.23%.2.Under the lead and cadmium pollution,the chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activity effect of the system are increases with the change of the liquid organic fertilizer concentration.As follows:under the action of liquid organic fertilizer,chlorophyll A,chlorophyll B and carotenoid have the same changes.Single lead pollution>lead/cadmium pollution>single cadmium pollution. When cadmium pollution,liquid organic fertilizer for potato chlorophyll increase rate of the largest,chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B and carotenoids increased one by one are 37.26%, 54.45% and 37.26%.Under the cadmium pollution,the chlorophyll a/b ratio is the most volatile,the second is the lead and cadmium compound and the last is the lead pollution.This showed that the chlorophyll is sensitive to cadmium is lead.On the antioxidant system,SOD,POD and CAT activity increases with concentration of liquid organic fertilizer,and in the tuber expansion period it appears in biolongical activity of "peak".Under the liquid organic fertilizer, the SOD, POD and CAT activities increase rate of the largest processing group:single Cadmium pollution is increased by 131.9%, single cadmium pollution is increased by 127.29% and single lead pollution is increased by 58.09%.3.Under the lead and cadmium pollution, soil rhizosphere enzyme activity with the liquid organic fertilizer in potato changes are as follows:the urease, the invertase and the catalase activity increases with the increased concentration of liquid organic fertilizer,and under the liquid organic fertilizer, the increase rate of the urease and the catalase enzymes are low,and the change range is narrow as well as the invertase activity promotion rate is high, large range of change. Under the action of liquid organic fertilizer, the urease,the invertase and the catalase activity in turn ascend the highest rate at the treatment:single lead pollution is increased by 147.71%,a single Cadmium pollution is increased by 13.43%, single cadmium pollution is increased by 22.39%.4.Under liquid organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer,there are significant differences in the absorption of lead and cadmium in different organs of potato:under the action of liquid organic fertilizer, lead and cadmium accumulation by different parts of potato was root> stem and leaves> tuber. Correlation analysis found that:the content of lead in tuber was significantly correlated with the content of lead in root, stem and leaf.The content of cadmium in tuber was significantly correlated with the content of cadmium in root, stem and leaf.5. Under the lead and cadmium pollution,liauid organic fertilizer has effect on potato enrichment coerricient and transfer coefficient:the enrichment coefficient decreases with increasing the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer,and I also increases with growth period extension. Under the lead pollution,transfer coefficient change is leaf>stem>tuber;under the cadmium pollution,transfer coefficient change is stem>leaf>tuber.Test results shouw that under the lead and cadmium pollution, liquid organic fertilizer can improve soil environment including soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil of lead and cadmium content reduced;at the same time,it can guarantee the normal growth of potato,as well as reduce potato organs absorbed the lead and cadmium. Under the lead and cadmium pollution,liquid organic fertilizer can promote SOD,PODand CAT activity and chlorophyll content increased in the potato,and it also reduce the root,stem,leaf and tuber absorbed the lead and cadmium.