Self-Catalytic Synthesis And Photoelectric Property Of Conductive Polymer/Tellurium Nanocomposites

Conductive polymer has potential applications in supercapacitors,solar cells,optoelectronic devices and photocatalytic degradation,due to its structure stability and good electrical conductivity.Elemental tellurium?Te?,as an important group VI semiconductor,has attracted much attention because of its excellent optical and electrical properties.In this master thesis,several conductive polymer/Te nanocomposites were synthesized by self-catalytic polymerization.The nanocomposites as-obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy?SEM?,transmission electron microscopy?TEM?,X-ray diffraction?XRD?,Fourier infrared spectrum?FTIR?,Raman spectrum?Raman?,ultraviolet spectrum?UV?,thermogravimetric analysis?TGA?and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy?EIS?.Significantly,the nonlinear optical properties and supercapacitor properties of the nanocomposites were studied.The main work as follows:1.Self-catalytic synthesis of polyaniline/tellurium nanocomposite and its nonlinear optical propertyThe polyaniline/tellurium?PANI/Te?nanocomposite was synthesized by the redox reaction between H₂TeO₃ and aniline.In process,a small amount of hydrazine hydrate was first used to deoxidize H₂TeO₃ to produce active elemental tellurium.Then,this active tellurium catalytically triggered redox reaction of H₂TeO₃ and aniline,and thus the polyaniline and tellurium catalyst were produced continually.Finally,the PANI/Te nanocomposite was formed.For the nanocomposite,the morphology was characterized by SEM and TEM,and the structure was determined by FTIR,Raman and UV.In addition,the formation mechanism and effect factors of nanocomposite were explored.The results showed that under the action of surfactant,the hexagonal Te nanowire bunches were cladded by polyaniline films to form broom-like PANI/Te nanocomposite.In addition,residual HTeO₃^-ions were adsorbed on polyaniline chains and enhanced the solubility of' PANI/Te nanocomposite.Significantly,Z-scan results show that by means of the synergistic effect of photoconductivity tellurium and electroconductivity polyaniline,the PANI/Te nanocomposite has a large two-photon absorption cross-section,and acted out good nonlinear optical properties.2.Self-catalytic synthesis of polythiophene/tellurium nanocomposite and its nonlinear optical propertyFirst,a small amount of hydrazine hydrate was used to deoxidize H₂TeO₃ to produce active elemental tellurium.Then,the active tellurium with catalytic function excited the redox reaction of H₂TeO₃ and thiophene,and thus the polythiophene and tellurium catalyst were produced continually.Finally,the polythiophene/tellurium?PTh/Te?nanocomposite was formed.The products were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,UV,TGA and so on.In addition,the formation mechanism and effect factors of nanocomposite were discussed.The results show that under the action of surfactants,the flower-like bunches of PTh/Te nanocomposite were formed.Interestingly,residual HTeO₃^-ions were adsorbed on polythiophene chains and enhanced the solubility of PTh/Te nanocomposite.Significantly,Z-scan results show that the PTh/Te nanocomposite has large two-photon absorption cross-section and nonlinear optics absorption coefficient.3.Self-catalytic synthesis of polypyrrole/tellurium nanocomposite and its capacitive performanceFirst,the pyrrole was oxidized by H₂TeO₃ in hydrochloric acid solution to produce polypyrrole and elemental tellurium with catalytic activity.Then,the polypyrrole/tellurium?PPy/Te?nanocomposite was produced by the redox reaction between pyrrole and H₂TeO₃ with the help of catalytic action of elemental tellurium.The products as-prepared were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,FTIR and EIS,and the formation mechanism and effect factors of nanocomposite were discussed.The results show that under the action of surfactants,the formed PPy/Te nanocomposite is made up of Te short rods coated by polypyrrole films,in which Te short rods were composed of Te nanowires.In addition,since residual HTeO₃^-ions were adsorbed on polypyrrole chains,the soluble PPy/Te nanocomposite was obtained.Significantly,the charge-discharge experiment results show that the PPy/Te nanocomposite has good capacitance performance in 6 M KOH solution,and the specific capacitance is as high as 2488 F/g,with good stability of charge-discharge cycles.Attached:An approach for breaking sporoderm of ganoderma lucidum spores by combining chemical reaction with physical actuation?patent technology?An approach was set up for breaking the sporoderm of ganoderma lucidum spores,by combining chemical reaction with physical driving?sonic degradation and freezing process?.The SEM test disclosed that the Sporoderm has porous and net structure.The treated ganoderma lucidum spores could release bioactive constituents effectively,which was confirmed by measuring the dissolution rate of the triterpenoids.The optimum experimental conditions were ascertained,by exploring effect factors and breaking mechanism.Furthermore,in order to protect the bioactivity of treated ganoderma lucidum spores in store process,the holes on the sporoderm were closed by ?-cyclodextrin.