The Modification Of Solid Acids Or Bases Catalysts And The Catalysis Of Pyrolysis Or Liquefaction Of Biomass (Cotton Stalk,Sargassum)

Energy is the important material basis for the human society survival and the development of national economy,with the world continuing to pursue the sustained and rapid development of economy,the consumption demand of energy was steadily on the increase,however,countries around the world get energy mainly from fossil fuels,which made the limited fossil resources decrease rapidly,the energy pressure grew day by day,the protection of fossil resources become very important at the same time of developing our economy.Therefore,seeking for a new kind of safe and clean sustainable development of energy system becomes a very important topic among the scientists all over the world.As a renewable energy sources with industrialization and large-scale application,biomass energy is a kind of energy stored in biomass which converts solar energy to chemical energy by photosynthesis,the storage of biomass is extremely rich in the nature,including crops,waste straw,the forest industrial waste,aquatic plant and so on.The traditional use of biomass not only caused a lot of waste but also bring serious pollution to the environment,hence,the conversion of biomass into bio-fuel or high value chemicals by pyrolysis and liquefaction technology caused scientists' attention.Among the fast pyrolysis technologies,the microwave assisted pyrolysis technology,microwave assisted catalytic liquefaction technology and high pressure liquefaction technology had made rather rapid progress in the pyrolysis studies of biomass.In this study,we investigated the performance of microwave assisted pyrolysis technology,microwave assisted liquidation technology and high pressure hydrothermal liquefaction technology during the biomass conversion,and the main components,characteristics and property of bio-fuel.1.The cotton stalk was converted into bio-fuel by microwave assisted pyrolysis technology,and the optimum conditions of microwave assisted pyrolysis reaction were optimized by single factor method and response surface methodology.The optimal microwave power,reaction time and reaction temperature of the pyrolysis reaction respectively was 1800 W,24min and 550?,the bio-oil yield was the highest with 32.47% under the optimum conditions and the heat value was 15.47MJ/Kg.The GC-MS data showed that the bio-oil components had an abundance of long-chain carboxylic acid ester and aromatic compounds.2.Microwave-assisted catalytic liquefaction was investigated to convert cotton stalk into liquid valuable fuels with solid acids HZSM-5 zeolites and the modified HZSM-5 zeolites as catalysts,and the usage of solid acids as catalysts innovatively which changed the commonly used traditional corrosive acid and alkali as catalysts.The output of aromatic chemicals increased from 8.4% to 14.0% when microwave-assisted catalytic liquefaction technology was employed,and the liquefaction yield was increased by 19.7% with modified 0.02-Fe-HZSM-5 as catalysts.3.The modified solid acid HY zeolites were investigated in the liquefaction of sargassum plants as catalysts by microwave-assisted catalytic liquefaction technology.The HY catalysts were modified with different concentration of Fe(NO3)3 solution by incipient-wetness impregnation method,we found that acid sites of the modified HY catalysts increased obviously comparing with the parent HY catalysts,which was also confirmed in the liquefaction of sargassum,the liquefaction yield was increased by 15.2% with modified HY as catalysts,simultaneously,the existence of modified HY catalysts decreased the oxygenated chemicals of the liquid oil.4.Lignin is one of the most important incredient to the cotton stalk,and it is a kind of natural polymer formed by huge amounts of benzene ring monomer,and the properties are stable and hard to degrade.High pressure hydrothermal liquefaction technology resulted in positive effects during the lignin liquefaction,the hydrotalcites catalysts effectively promoted the break of ?-O-4 linkage of lignin,the highest liquefaction yield was 87.93% under the optimum reaction conditions,the most components of liquefaction oil were aromatic compounds according to GC-MS data,and the guaiacol and guaiacol derivatives were the major composition with the content of 47.74%.