| Currently, China is in the social transformation period. On the one hand, the economy of our country is in high speed development; on the other hand, the differentiation of interests makes all kinds of social problems much more serious. In recent years, the environmental disputes and collective behaviors caused by environmental problems are increasing quickly. They are playing an important role in the social stability of our country and the construction of the ecological civilization. Our State environmental minister Zhou Shengxian said:our country’s environmental problems have seriously affected the economic development, social stability and people’s health, the need of people to improve the living environment is growing. Environmental letters and visits and environmental behaviors in China is at an annual rate of 29.8% growth. As a result, reviewing the characteristics of the environmental collective behaviors, delving into their causes, and thinking to solve the problem of such incidents have important function and meaning to maintain the public interests, solve environmental conflicts, and promote social harmony and stability development.Based on the above background, this study is based on the governance theory and the theory of collective action, and make these environmental behaviors happened between 2011 and 2015 as the research objects. Using content analysis, literature analysis and case analysis to sort and analyze the general characteristics, causes and countermeasures of the environmental collective behaviors.From the aspect of characteristics, environmental groups events mainly shows the trend of rising year by year; Has a wide geographic distribution, strong regional character; the warning time is given priority to medium and long term; the players are consisted by grass-roots level people and the scale is large; demands for Protesting is single, more violent way to fight; The main approaches to spread are network and BBS, and there is a rumor spread; The government usually uses violent way to suppress, environmental collective behaviors usually end with "stopping", it is difficult for them to get out of the cycle of "constructing, protesting and freezing ". Investigate its reason, in the process of the tripartite game of local governments, enterprises and the public. The government is on one-sided pursuit of GDP, colludes with enterprises and the information is opaque. These seriously damage the interests of the public. Public appeal channels are blocked so that they cannot use normal or legitimate channels to communicate with the government and the enterprise; coupled with the rapid development of new media, the network of public opinion and network rumors catalytic, third party environmental protection class of nonprofit organization is not perfect. Therefore, the environmental collectives happen frequently.To effectively solve environmental collective behaviors, The author thinks that in addition to strengthen the construction of the government system and the early warning mechanism, we should also pay attention to the citizen participation, build good atmosphere for the citizen equal dialogue and reasonable consultation, cultivate environmental non-profit organizations which play an important role of good "bridge" and strengthen the guidance role of the traditional media and new media. Only in this way, can we fully protect plural benefits of the government, enterprises and citizens and construct the diversity and network structure which is consisted of the government leading, enterprise cooperation, citizen participation, social organization coordination, and the media supervision. |
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