Effects Of Ionic Liquids 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Lactic Acid On Wheat Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress

Ionic liquid is a kind of substance that is liquid composed of ions, Its solubility is very good, can dissolve a lot of organic matter,metal organic compounds,inorganic metal compounds, and polymer materials, and can reach high concentrations. Therefore, often used as organic solvents.Ionic liquids are often referred to as environmentally friendly "clean" media, with many advantages such as no pollution, no volatilization, with stability and good electrical conductivity, vapor pressure,will replace the traditional organic solvent for mass production, Therefore, it is of great significance and value to study the toxic effects of ionic liquids, especially on crop plants.In this paper, the effects of ionic liquid 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolium Lactic acid on growth and physiological indexes of Wheat Seedlings under cadmium stress were studied. system research ionic liquid [C₄mim][Lact] ?concentration of 0, 50,100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L? and cadmium ?Cd? ?concentration 0, 0.5 mmol/L? on Wheat Seedlings under hydroponic conditions the complex effect, including the growth index of germination rate of wheat seedling ?Plant height, leaf fresh weight,leaf dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight?.Based on the analysis of the experimental data and phenomena, the following conclusions are drawn:?1? the composite effect of [C₄mim][Lact] and Cd, when the ionic liquid concentration was 50,100,200,300 mg/L, each group of wheat seed germination rate and Cd treatment alone group ?Cd concentration of 0.5 mmol/L? increased significantly compared, but when the ionic liquid concentration increased to 400 mg/L, the composite treatment group is equal to the Cd treatment alone. The germination rate of wheat seed, when the concentration was 500 mg/L, treatment group of wheat seed germination rate is less than the Cd treatment alone.?2? under the combined action of [C₄mim][Lact] and Cd, with the increase of the concentration of ionic liquid, the growth indexes of wheat seedlings in all treatments showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The results showed that under the cadmium stress, the inhibition of wheat seedlings would be weakened due to the addition of different concentrations of ionic liquid. When the concentration of[C₄mim][Lact] was 50-200 mg/L, the growth of wheat seedlings on the index were higher than Cd treatment alone, can be considered in the concentration range of ionic liquid can effectively inhibit the stress effects of cadmium on wheat seedlings. When the [C₄mim][Lact] concentration is greater than 200 mg/L, the ionic liquid of Wheat Seedlings under Cadmium Stress on growth index had no inhibitory effect; when the[C₄mim][Lact] concentration was 50 mg/L, the wheat seedling underground growth index and Cd treatment alone group compared to a slight increase in that ionic liquid can reduce cadmium on the growth index of Wheat seedling underground stress at low concentrations. When the treatment concentration was greater than 50 mg/L, the growth index of wheat seedlings was significantly lower than that of Cd alone, The results showed that [C₄mim][Lact] increased the inhibitory effect of heavy metal cadmium on the underground growth of wheat seedlings.?3? the composite effect of [C₄mim][Lact] and Cd, with the increase of ionic liquid concentration, the trend of first increasing and then decreasing concentrations of wheat seedlingsPOD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity showed an overall treatment, the content of MDA increased firstly and then decreased, that of Wheat Seedlings under cadmium stress due to the addition of different concentrations of ionic liquids, can relieve the inhibition effect of cadmium on wheat seedlings. When the [C₄mim][Lact] concentration is less than 400 mg/L, wheat seedling POD activity,SOD activity,CAT activity was significantly higher than Cd treatment group alone,that ionic liquid has inhibitory effect on the stress in this concentration range, when the concentration was 500 mg/L,no inhibition. When the concentration of[C₄mim][Lact] was less than 100 mg/L, the content of MDA in wheat seedlings was significantly reduced,which indicated that cadmium stress on wheat seedlings was reduced with the addition of ionic liquid. When the treatment concentration was greater than 100 mg/L,the content of MDA increased gradually,but it was still higher than that of Cd alone, indicating that the higher concentration of ionic liquid could also inhibit the stress of Cd and wheat seedlings.To sum up, when the concentration of C₄ was lower than that of 50-200 mg/L,Can reduce the toxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on the aboveground growth of wheat seedlings. when the concentration of C₄ was 50 mg/L, Can reduce the toxic effects of heavy metal cadmium on the underground growth of wheat seedlings.When the concentration of ionic liquid was 400 mg/L, the inhibitory effect of cadmium stress could not be reduced. Under the condition of high concentration of cadmium ?Cd concentration of 0.5 mmol/L?, the indexes of wheat seedlings were obviously inhibited. Compared with the low concentration ionic liquid treatment group and the blank control group, the growth of wheat was significantly better than that of the control group and the treatment group. The results indicated that ionic liquid could inhibit the effect of cadmium on wheat seedlings, but only to a certain extent, and could not completely eliminate the toxic effect. The reason why [C₄mim][Lact] can inhibit the toxicity of heavy metal cadmium on wheat seedlings due to the formation of complexes at the same time, while the relatively less ionic state of Cd is absorbed by plants.