Research On The Preparation And Industry Application Of Black Liquor-montmorillonite Complexes And Their Rubber Composites

In this thesis,the preparation of black liquor-montmorillonite complex(BL-MMT)and application of it in rubber were studied.The structures,properties and industry application of BL-MMT/rubber composites were also studied.BL-MMT was prepared by dehydration of a mixture of montmorillonite and black liquor and used in the preparation of composites of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber(NBR)which is polar rubber,of cis-butadiene rubber(BR)which is nonpolar rubber,of natural rubber(NR)which is nonpolar and stretching induced crystal rubber by mechanical mixing method.The structure and properties of BL-MMT/rubber composites were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),moving die rheometer,differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA),universal testing machine and therm-oxidative aging test oven.BL-MMT/NBR composites were prepared by mechanical mixing,and the influence of the mass ratio of lignin and montmorillonite of BL-MMT on the structure and properties of rubber composites were investigated.The experimental results showed that,as the ratio of lignin and MMT in the BL-MMT complexes increased,the dispersion became better,the interaction of MMT and rubber is enhanced,and Tg of lignin increased.The mechanical properties of composites were increased with the ratio increasing,but the thermal stability and aging properties were decreased.The best comprehensive properties can be obtained on the rubber composites when the mass ratio of lignin and montmorillonite of BL-MMT is 1:1.BL-MMT/NBR,BL-MMT/BR and BL-MMT/NR composites were prepared by mechanical mixing,and the effect of the content of BL-MMT on the structure and properties of BL-MMT/rubber composites were discussed when the mass ratio of lignin and montmorillonite is 1:1.The results showed that MMT in BL-MMT/rubber show better dispersion than MMT in MMT/rubber,the interaction of MMT and rubber is also stronger.The lignin was absorbed by MMT and its Tg is increased.In addition,the BL-MMT induced the crystallization of BR.With the increase of BL-MMT loading,the Tg of lignin is increased,but MMT is congregated gradually.As the loading of BL-MMT increased,the mechanical properties of BL-MMT/NBR increased gradually and decreased when the loading exceeded 30 phr,those of BL-MMT/BR increased gradually,and those of BL-MMT/NR increased gradually and decreased when the loading exceeded 10 phr.As BL-MMT loading increased,the therm-oxidative aging properties of rubber composites enhanced gradually,T50%increased and the thermal stability was also enhanced,but T10%decreased.The comparative experiment of the NBR,BR and NR reinforced by BL-MMT with those reinforced by HAF(N330)on the mechanical,thermal oxidative ageing properties and thermal stability was carried out.The results showed that the comprehensive mechanical properties,thermal oxidative ageing properties and thermal stability of NBR,BR and NR reinforced by BL-MMT have achieved even exceeded those of NBR,BR and NR reinforced by the same content of HAF.The study on the industrial application of BL-MMT in ?-belt based rubber and railway rubber plate was carried out,and N330 was replaced with the same content of BL-MMT.The results showed the properties of?-belt based rubber and railway rubber plate filled with BL-MMT were similar to the properties of those filled with N330.The ?-belt produced in pilot plant was test by the state testing association.The results show that its properties exceed the state standard and its quality is very good.The BL-MMT is made from montmorillonite and pollutant black liquor and is much cheaper than N330.Thus BL-MMT is a promising product in the industry due to cost-saving and environment benefits.