| It was researched that physics and chemistry characteristics of livestock and poultry excrement had been changing in compost,the effect of application different maturity of livestock and poultry excrement on the content of nutrients in the soils planting tobacco,as well as the effect of application poultry excrement on the growth,nutrients and heavy metals absorption,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco via using aerobic thermophilic compost,indoor soil cultivation,pot experiment and field experiment combination,intended to provide references for tobacco farmers application poultry excrement reasonably.Results of the study concluded that:1.Aerobic thermophilic compost results showed that,the time when the temperature of chicken,pig,cattle manure up to 60? initially were at 5th,7th,8th in composting process,the temperature respectively lasted for 11d,11d and 12d over 50?,after 25d-30d the temperature of three piles of chicken,pig,cattle manure tended to the ambient temperature basically;pH values of three piles were 8.33,7.82,8.21 respectively at 25th of composting,the seed germinates index GI value achieved 82.6%,83.7%,80.2%respectively;showed chicken,pig,cattle manure had basically already become thoroughly decomposed at 25d.Leaching liquor color of three piles got deeper at the different time of composting,so the leaching liquor color of pile materials could be used to fixing maturity fast on compost materials.2.Soil cultivation experiments showed that,application of immature poultry excrement put off available-N nutrient releasing in yellow mud field soil,while the content of available-N of yellow mud field soil at a high level in later period.Differently,application of mature poultry excrement of the content of available-N of tidal sand fields soil at a high level from beginning to end.During the whole cultivation process,application of mature poultry excrement of the content of available-P and available-K of two soils were higher than application of immature materials.The nutrient maximum release rate of N,P,K of chicken,pig,cattle manure all appeared in tidal sand fields soil,associated with the soil texture loose.The maximum release rate of nitrogen of three mature poultry excrement were 37.77%-47.74%,the maximum release rate of phosphorus were 18.73%-24.05%,the maximum release rate of potassium were 77.12%-93.78%.The nutrient maximum release rate of N,P,K of three kinds of immature poultry excrement were 33.85%-42.27%,13.91%-20.90%,68.83%-84.45%,illustrated the mature poultry excrement conducive to nutrient released.3.Pot experiment showed that,combined application of chicken manure(J)of the plant height and the girth of caudex of flue-cured tobacco were higher than the other disposals,respectively increased 7.82-12.28cm and 0.2-0.46cm,and chicken manure was the most beneficial for the amount of accumulation of dry matter in flue-cured tobacco(achieved 55.49 g/plant);combined application of pig manure(Z)of the area of largest leaf of flue-cured tobacco was higher.Applying poultry excrement could reduce iron,manganese,copper,and zinc absorption in each part of flue-cured tobacco.Combined application of immature cake(BW)of the absorption content of iron in plant was lowest(16.17 mg/plant),combined application of cattle manure(N)(17.54 mg/plant)and J disposal(17.91 mg/plant)were the next;Z disposal of the absorption content of manganese was lowest(1.67 mg/plant),average per plant were lower than combined application of mature cake(BF),pure chemical fertilizer(CK)at 1.38mg,0.35mg;BW disposal of the absorption content of copper was lowest(0.74 mg/plant),N disposal(0.79 mg/plant)was the next;Z disposal of the absorption content of zinc was lowest(1.29 mg/plant),the second was N disposal(1.32 mg/plant).The pig manure added copper(Z+Cu),zinc(Z+Zn),arsenic(Z+As)separately were significant impacted on the growth of tobacco plant before transplant 15d and still had a certain influence to transplant 40d;with the growth of tobacco plant further,the tolerance for copper,zinc,arsenic in plant enhanced,and the growth of each disposal had no significant differences till transplant 65d.The dry matter weight of(Z+As)decreased more,although the dry matter weight of each disposal were not up to significant differences levels.Application of pig manure that add copper,zinc,arsenic respectively of the content and the absorption of heavy metals would increase in each spot of flue-cured tobacco,especially easy to accumulate in the leaf.Application of poultry excrement could reduce the heavy metals influence on the growth and the amount of accumulation of dry matter of flue-cured tobacco.the plant height and the girth of caudex of(Z+3)(means the pig manure added copper,zinc,arsenic at the same time)reached 73.15cm and 4.90cm respectively,the highest of all disposals,the area of largest leaf of(BF+3)was the highest.The dry matter weight in plan had extremely significant difference between the treatment of(J+3),(Z+3),(BF+3)and pure chemical fertilizer,but had no significant difference between(J+3),(Z+3)and(BF+3).4.Field experiments showed that the effect of flue-cured tobacco in bearing period had no significant difference between combined application of chicken manure and chemical fertilizer(A),pig manure and chemical fertilizer(B),cattle manure and chemical fertilizer(C)and combined application of cake and chemical fertilizer(CK1),application of pure chemical fertilizer.The plant agronomic traits performance of C was better.The field output and output value of the flue-cured tobacco of A was higher than three kinds of poultry excrement,the plant output increased 6.37kg,3.37kg,16.79kg and the output value increased 179.7 yuan.191.2 yuan?299.6 yuan than the treatment of B,C,CK1 respectively in every 666.67m2.Accumulation rule of heavy metals lead,cadmium,arsenic,mercury in tobacco leaf were the upper leaf<middle leaf<lower leaves,the accumulates regularity of Chromium in the flue-cured tobacco was not obvious.Application of poultry excrement did not improve the content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves,and the heavy metals content of A was lower.5.There had no significant difference between application of(1/2 pig manure,1/2 chicken manure)(A),(1/2 chicken manure,1/2 cattle manure)(B),cake(CK1)and pure chemical fertilizer(CK2)in the growth and development process of flue-cured tobacco.Application of different ratio of livestock and poultry excrement could increase the field output and output value of flue-cured tobacco to a certain extent,the plant output of B were higher than the treatment of A,C,CK1,increased 18.3kg,8.6kg,4.2kg per 666.67m2 respectively,and the output value of B were higher than A,C,increased 264.4 yuan,219.9 yuan per 666.67m2 respectively.Application of different ratio of livestock and poultry excrement could reduce the contents of heavy metals in plant to a certain extent.The accumulation rule of heavy metal lead,cadmium,arsenic,mercury in tobacco leaf were the upper leaf<middle leaf<lower leaves,the accumulates regularity of chromium in the flue-cured tobacco was not obvious,however,the content of chromium in lower leaves are the highest. |
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