Application Of Morphological Structure Effect In Energy Storage Field

For nanomaterials,morphology structure has a great influence on their performance.Materials with different morphologies exhibit unique and excellent properties different from those of bulk materials in areas such as adsorption,catalysis,sensing,energy storage and chemical reactions.We have investigated the nanotube morphological structure effect of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 as lithium ion battery cathode material and the nanorices morphological structure effect of In4 Ni alloy for N2H4 dehydrogenation in aqueous solution.As cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 is of high fundamental and techno-logical interest because of its high theoretical specic capacity,its safety and its low cost.However,the rate performance of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 is restricted by sluggish electron and lithium-ion transport kinetics.To address this problem,attention has been given to coating with conducting layers and to doping with isovalent ions.However,the unmodified and modified Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 materials produced to date do not comply with the demands of the practical application of lithium-ion batteries.Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 nanotubes prepared on large scale by a simple molten salt route without the use of a surfactant as a template,by adding VCl2 to a mixture of molten LiH2PO4 and NaNO3 salts.The SAED pattern indicates the polycrystalline nature of the sample.Moreover,the nanotubes have good mechanical integrity.It was used as cathode material for lithium ion batteries,The initial charge and discharge capacities are 167.4 and 154.6 mAhg-1,respectively,leading to a high coulombic efficiency of 92.4%.Additionally,discharge and charge curves of the second and the hundredth cycles are almost identical indicating that the electrochemical process is stable during the lithium insertion/de-insertion reactions.The nanotubes exhibit exceptional performance with ultrastable capacity retention over 300 cycles and excellent rate capability at up to 40 C.This work is expected to be useful for the development of high-performance Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2–based cathodes for lithium-ion batteries.In addition,we discussed the mechanism of the formation of nanotubes.It was found that the reaction process was based on the coiling mechanism,which provided an idea for the study of one-dimensional nanostructured materials.Hydrazine hydrate(N2H4)has the advantages of high hydrogen content,less byproducts and easy transport at room temperature among chemical hydrogen storage materials,and has received extensive attention in recent years.Therefore,the development of a novel highly efficient catalyst becomes the key to commercialization of hydrazine hydrate system.We reported the synthesis of mesoporous fcc-In4 Ni NRs as superior catalysts for the generation of hydrogen from hydrous hydrazine at room temperature via a plasma technique in an ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4].The high-resolution STEM(HR-STEM)images and FFT patterns also confirmed the single-crystalline nature of the assembled NPs in the fcc-In4 Ni NRs,The surface area reached 243.1m2g-1.This incorporation introduces basic sites for dehydrogenation.Also,the synthesis of In and Ni weakens the interactions among generated adspecies such as H2 and NHx and surface metal atoms.Alongside their unique NR structure,the as-prepared fcc-In4 Ni alloy NRs exhibited superior performance for catalytic N2H4 dehydrogenation in aqueous solution.The activation energy of the fcc-In4 Ni alloy NRs was 38.9±1.0kJmol-1.The NRs were also found to be stable for catalytic N2H4 dehydrogenation in aqueous solution,providing an average TOF value of 82.0.Also,it shows a high level of catalytic activity with 100% H2 selectivity and shows capability under ambient conditions without any alkaline promotion.SO42-plays a role in interference media to change the electrostatic interactions between In4 Ni NPs and overcome their random Brownian motion to induce assembly with the assistance of a plasma field.After deactivation of the nanorices,SPT is a promising approach to reactivate catalysts.In summary,the nanotube structure of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 and the nanorices morphology of In4 Ni alloy are helpful to improve the performance of the respective bulk materials.In addition,Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 nanotubes and In4 Ni nanorices have better performance than other materials in the field,so that they have a certain commercial application prospects.