Ultrasonic Assisted Ultraprecision Diamond Turning Technology For Stainless Steel Optical Elements

Ultrasonic assisted ultraprecision diamond turning is a special cutting technique with high speed vibration of diamond tool along the cutting direction.This technology is one machining method to manufacture the precision surface that because of its advantages such as increased tool life,decreased cutting force,high surface quality,and increased the machinability of materials.This paper discusses the factors which influence the surface quality of optical element surface about stainless steel cutting by ultrasonic vibration assisted ultraprecision diamond turning technology.First of all,analysis the basic theory of chip formation which includs the cutting deformation areas,cutting force,the selection of parameters about the cutting tool in the ultraprecision diamond turning technology.And the offset and calibration of diamond tool is also studied.Then,analyse the ultrasonic vibration assisted ultraprecision diamond turning based on the theory of ultraprecision diamond turning technology.Study the movement characteristics of the vibration tool about this technology.The net cutting time ratio is defined and relation with the amplitude,frequency and the diamond cutting velocity.The net cutting time radio is decreasing with the increase of ultrasonic frequency,the increase of ultrasonic amplitude or the reduction of diamond turning velocity.In addition,there is ultrasonic vibration tilt caused by installation error of diamond tool on ultrasonic vibration assisted ultraprecision turning system.It influences the machined surface roughness of stainless steel optical components.The movement characteristic of diamond tool is analysis in ultrasonic assisted ultraprecision diamond turning system.Provide an algorithm to simulate surface quality in the process of ultrasonic vibration assisted ultraprecision diamond turning.The results show that the surface quality is poor with larger installation error of diamond tool or the lower cutting velocity.Finally,an experimental is designed with 0°tilt and 0.73°tilt for diamond tool conditions respectively.Compared with 0°tilt of diamond tool,the result was shown that the surface accuracy is reduced by the tilt of diamond tool in the ultrasonic assisted ultraprecision diamond turning system.And the increase of cutting velocity could also improve the machined surface quality.