Sustainable Development Of The Tibetan Plateau Based On The Emergy Ecological Footprint Model

Sustainable development is a shared goal of all countries around the world.The assessment of regional sustainability is becoming an important theoretical basis for policy making.The Tibetan plateau is an important barrier to climate stability and ecological security in China and the world,also is an important area for resource enrichment and biodiversity conservation in China.It is known as "the third pole of the earth".The sustainable development of the Tibetan plateau has always been an important issue facing our country and the world.However,there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the sustainable development of the Tibetan plateau at present.So it is of great significance to strengthen the research on sustainability of the Tibetan plateau.In this study,the emergy ecological footprint model was improved from three aspects: regional emergy density,productive ecological footprint and the content of ecological footprint calculation.Taking the two provinces of Qinghai and Tibet as an example,we analyzed the sustainable development of the Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2014 based on the modified emergy ecological footprint model.On the basis of analyzing the sustainability of the Tibetan plateau,we combined with the ecological footprint of ten thousand yuan GDP,ecological footprint diversity index and development capability index to comprehensively analyze the development of Tibetan Plateau,and the spatial differences and their changes in the sustainable development of the study area are analyzed by county.In addition,we used the gray relational analysis method to analyze the relevant factors that influence the sustainable development.The conclusions are as follows.(1)The per capita ecological footprint of Qinghai and Tibet showed an increasing trend from 1995 to 2014,indicating that the consumption of resources had increased.The per capita ecological footprint of Qinghai increased from 6.78 to 40.57 ha per capita,the per capita ecological footprint of Tibet increased from 4.17 to 12.06 ha per capita.The per capita ecological carrying capacity of Qinghai remained stable between 9.87 and 11.79 ha per capita.And the per capita ecological carrying capacity of Tibet fluctuated between 17.12 and 26.57 ha per capita.(2)The ecological footprint index of Qinghai and Tibet showed a decreasing trend from 1995 to 2014,indicating that the unsustainability gradually increased.Qinghai Province had a sustainable development status from 1995 to 2004;unsustainable development status from 2005 to 2009;serious unsustainable development status from 2010 to 2014.Tibet had a strong sustainable development status from 1995 to 2011;weak sustainable development status from 2012 to 2014.The unsustainable areas of the study area are gradually expanding from 2005 to 2014,and are mainly concentrated in the urban areas and their surrounding counties.(3)The diversity of ecological footprint in Qinghai Province was decreasing.From 1995 to 2004,the utilization of land was mainly concentrated in grassland,arable,energy land and construction land.After 2004,it mainly focused on energy land and construction Land,especially after 2011,more concentrated in the construction land.The utilization of land in Tibet from 1995 to 2006 mainly focused on grassland,arable and construction land.After 2006,it mainly focused on grassland and construction land.(4)The development capabilities of Qinghai and Tibet continue to increase.The ecological footprint of Qinghai Province has seriously exceeded the scope of ecological carrying capacity,so further improve its development capacity should start from improving the diversity of ecological footprint.Tibet's development capacity is still much lower than that of Qinghai,then improve its development capacity should increase the ecological footprint while increasing the ecological footprint.(5)The economic factors are the leading factors that affect the sustainable development of Qinghai.The social factors have a relatively small impact on the sustainable development of Qinghai,but still can not be ignored.The influence of eco-environmental factors on sustainable development of Qinghai is obvious.The social factors are the leading factors that affect the sustainable development of Tibet.In the economic factors,the impact of industrial structure on sustainable development of Tibet is obvious.The impact of animal husbandry factors on sustainable development of Tibet is also obvious.The impact of eco-environmental factors on sustainable development of Tibet is relatively small.