Study On Nutritional Components And Biological Activities Of Camel Milk And Camel Milk Powder In Northern Xinjiang

Objectives: Camel milk has become one of the research hotspot in foreign countries for a long time,but the research of camel milk is relatively less in China.The camel milk contains rich nutrients,and it is a kind of health products that is worth paying attention.Fresh camel milk should not be stored for a long time,it is more convenient for carrying and storing for machining camel milk into camel milk powder.The purpose of this research is to study on nutritional components and biological activities of camel milk and camel milk powder in northern Xinjiang,providing a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of camel milk resources in Xinjiang.Methods: The paper mainly studied on the nutritional components and biological activities of fresh camel milk and camel milk powder in different areas in northern Xinjiang.The fresh camel milk was machined into camel milk powder by spray drying and freeze drying.The content of sodium,magnesium and potassium,calcium and zinc in camel milk and camel milk powder were determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry,the method of content determination of manganese,iron and copper in camel milk and camel milk powder was graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The method of content determination of the protein in camel milk and camel milk powder was Coomassie brilliant blue.Furthermore,the active components of proteins were further studied.The content of lactoferrin in camel milk and camel milk powder were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Meanwhile,the content and activity of lysozyme in camel milk and camel milk powder were determined by enzyme-labeled assay.Results: Setting the outlet temperature and the inlet temperature were 75 °C,140 °C as the best choices for spray-drying,it can obtain white better camel milk powder;The dried time and the sample volume were 24 h,100 m L as the best choices for freeze-drying,it can get white better camel milk powder.Comparison of the two dried methods of the flour yield of camel milk powder,the flour yield of freeze drying method is high.The average content of potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,zinc,iron,copper and manganese in fresh camel milk were 3.18×103?2.16×103?7.79×102?2.07×102?10.5?2.62?7.90×10-2?6.30×10-2 ?g/m L ?g/m L,the average content of potassium,sodium,calcium,magnesium,zinc,iron,copper and manganese in camel milk powder were 2.10×104?1.57×104?4.68×103?1.40×103?5.85×10?2.43×10?4.74×10-1?4.27×10-1 ?g/g.In addition,the lead and cadmium were not been detected.The content of protein in fresh camel milk was ranged from 11.8-38.4 mg/m L,the content of protein in camel milk powder was ranged from 57.0-181 mg/g.The content of lactoferrin in fresh camel milk was ranged from 0.896-3.03 mg/m L,the content of lactoferrin in camel milk powder was ranged from 2.61-18.9 mg/g.The lysozyme standard has a good linear relationship between the concentration range of 4.0-9.0 ?g/m L during the lysozyme content measurement,thecontent of lysozyme in fresh camel milk was ranged from 13.8-19.5 ?g/m L,the content of lysozyme in camel milk powder was ranged from 8.91-9.91 ?g/mg.The lysozyme standard has a good linear relationship between the concentration range of 75-200 U/m L during the lysozyme activity measurement,the activity of lysozyme in fresh camel milk was ranged from 3.70×104-8.51×104 U/m L,the activity of lysozyme in camel milk powder was ranged from 2.08×103-3.09×103 U/mg.The absorbance difference between 15 s and 75 s can be used to determine the activity of lysozyme.Conclusions: In this paper,the nutritional components and biological activities of camel milk and camel milk powder that machined by two drying methods were studied.After comparation,it was found that there was a tad difference in nutrient content of camel milk in different areas.Camel milk powder is a concentrated product of camel milk,nutrients in fresh camel milk are also present in the camel milk powder,but there are some differences in content.The contents of mineral elements,protein,lactoferrin in camel milk powder were higher than those in fresh camel milk,but the contents and the activity of lysozyme were lower than that of fresh camel milk,it is possible that the temperature has a certain influence on the contents and the activity of lysozyme.