| As a popular vegetable,Chinese cabbage is widely cultivated in China.The anthracnoseis one of the main diseases of Chinese cabbage,which can lead to a substantial reduction in Chinese cabbage.About 26 tons of livestock manure in China each year,most of them untreated and discharged into the environment,which resulting in serious environmental pollution.The amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide increased year by year,which lead to the destruction of soil structure,crop quality decline,soil borne diseases frequently and drug residues.To solve these problems,the paper focuses on preparing multi-function bio-organic fertilizer resisting Chinese cabbage anthracnose and exploring the feasibility of preparing bio-organic fertilizer by one step through method.Major work can be divided into four parts:(1)In this experiment,a strain was isolated from diseased Chinese cabbage in Dalian,Liaoning province,which was identified as Colletotrichum higginsianum by morphological identification,inoculation experiment and ITS sequence analysis.(2)The antagonistic strain Paenibacillus polymyxa P-1 was screened from 6 bacteria,and Paenibacillus polymyxa P-2 was obtained by phosphorus decomposing experiment.They showed broad-spectrum antibiotic property,which have a strong inhibitory effect on the Ascochyta citrullina,Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Pyricularia oryzae Cav.The strain P-1 and P-2 could get the maximum growth at temperature of 30 ?,initial p H of 7.0,soluble starch as carbon source,and peptone as nitrogen source.The optimal culture time of P-1 was36 h,and the optimal culture time of P-2 was 30 h.Preparation of composite biological agents based on P-1 and P-2.(3)Set up static aerobic composting,inoculate the microorganism inoculants and biocontrol agent of Chinese cabbage anthracnose.The temperature rise to more than 50 ?and maintained for 9 days on the third day,which has met the national standards of composting harmlessness.The index of BIO group after 40-day composing process: a stable p H 7.9,the moisture content decreased from 60% to 21.8%,the final conductivity was 3.40ms/cm,water soluble organic carbon/total nitrogen(WSC/TN)below 4,the germination index increased from 18% to 93%.In a comprehensive consideration of physical,chemical and biological multiple indicators,BIO group has achieved harmless treatment,and reach a full maturity status.BIO group by inoculate the microorganism inoculants and biocontrolagent,the microbial diversity and abundance decreased slightly,decreased abundance of pathogenic bacteria and the proportion finally tends to 0,beneficial bacteria maintain a high abundance.According to the test,the organic matter content,total nutrient and moisture content were 46.2%,6.7%,21.8%;effective bacteria was 6×108 CFU/g;p H was 7.9.All kinds of indexes have reached the certifiable technical requirement of bio-organic fertilizer(NY 884-2012).(4)BIO was applied and its effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage and prevention of Chinese cabbage anthracnose had been investigated.The pot experiment of Chinese cabbage indicated that the application of BIO could increase the indexes of Chinese cabbage's plant height,root length,fresh weight,soluble sugar,soluble protein,VC,N,P,K,nitrate reductase,which indicates that the bio-organic fertilizer BIO can promote the growth of Chinese cabbage,the number of indicators are significantly better than the control group and chemical fertilizer group.In the experiment of prevention and control of anthracnose by using bio-organic fertilizer,the prevention rate of Chinese cabbage anthracnose reached to 75%,which was 55.1% higher than the chemical fertilizer group.The pot experiment of pepper showed that bio-organic fertilizer BIO can make pepper plant height,leaf length,leaf width,output and other indicators improved,significantly better than the control group and the group of chemical fertilizer;bio-organic fertilizer BIO can control Phytophthora blight,the the prevention rate of Phytophthora blight reached 71.5%,which was 64.3% higher than the chemical fertilizer group. |
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