Thulium And Ytterbium Ions Doped Aluminum Germanate Glasses For Waveguide-typed Light Source

Since it was announced to the public,the laser technology becomes a new favorite due to the unique luminous characteristics.The technology has been applied in various fields and all of this is closely related to the development of new type laser material.The surpassing laser media materials are able to absorb laser energy efficiently and convert it to a certain wavelength light which is suitable for living and producing.It can effectively avoid high energy laser damage and also make up for the shortcomings of single wavelength laser in some areas are not applicable.Consequently,it is one of the effective ways to improve the quality of life and to promote the development of laser technology to develop excellent laser materials.Transparent Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped aluminum germinate glass(NMAG)was prepared,and a thermal K+-Na+ ion-exchange process was carried out at 370 ? for 4 h to fabricate slab waveguide firstly.To determine the applicability of the glass material,an accurate waveguide mode distribution was obtained using the refractive index change which caused by replacement between Na+ and K+ ions.And then,using absolute photon quantification method,the performance of Tm3+ ion upconversion fluorescence and near infrared were characterized by integrating sphere with a CCD detector under the 975 nm pump laser.Finally,the upconversion quantum yield,1.8 ?m infrared emission gain and Judd-Ofelt parameters were derived by the absolute fluorescence characteristic parameters.The effective diffusion coefficient of thermionic ion-exchange is calculated to be 0.070?m2/min,that means the process is moderate and controllable.Tm3+ in NMAG emits 477 nm blue and dominant 806 nm near-infrared fluorescence.The absolute fluorescence parameter is identified as a positive correlation with laser power density.When power density sets as 1482 W/cm2,the emission photon and quantum yield for blue three-photon upconversion fluorescence are 6.46×1014/s and 1.43×10-4,and the ones for near-infrared two-photon upconversion fluorescence are 1.63×1016/s and 3.61×10-3,respectively.On the other hand,a central band 1.8 ?m whose theoretical net gain up to be 1.95dB/cm was found in down-conversion.Meanwhile,Judd-Ofelt(J-O)parameters ?(t = 2,4,6)of Tm3+,are confirmed as 7.43×10-20,2.96×10-20,and 1.00×10-20 cm2,respectively,showing a strong asymmetrical and covalent environment around Tm3+ ions.Based on this work,ion-exchanged Tm3+ and Yb3+ doped NMAG glass can improve the accuracy and repeatability for fluorescence data and provides a valuable reference in developing optoelectronic devices and laser materials.